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Attacks on Iran/DW: German policy in the Middle East under pressure!

Germany's Middle East policy is always a balancing act. Now it will be even more difficult. With Israel's attack on targets in Iran, the close relationship between Germany and Israel is likely to come under even more strain.
Israel's security is part of Germany's "state cause," former Chancellor Angela Merkel has said, meaning Germany has a special responsibility for Israel's security because of its history of killing millions of Jews during the Nazi era. Merkel's successor, Olaf Scholz, reaffirmed this "state cause" after the radical Islamist group Hamas carried out an unprecedented massacre in Israel in October 2023.
But Israel's increasingly harsh actions in the Gaza Strip in retaliation for Hamas's terrorist attack on Israel are making it increasingly difficult for the German government in Berlin to position itself. Current Chancellor Friedrich Merz said a few days ago: "Honestly, I no longer understand what the Israeli army is doing in the Gaza Strip and what its purpose is." Such harm to the civilian population, he said, can no longer be justified as a fight against Hamas terrorism. But this has had no consequences. German arms shipments to Israel, for example, continue.
Fear of new escalation
Israel defends its recent strikes on Iran, citing an "imminent and existential threat" from Iran. Defense Minister Israel Katz spoke of a "preemptive strike." Iran is said to be close to developing a nuclear bomb and Israel wanted to prevent that.
The German government broadly shares Israel's concerns. In a press statement the morning after the attack, Chancellor Friedrich Merz reiterated "that Israel has the right to defend its existence and the security of its citizens." He said he had spoken by phone with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who informed him of the military actions and their objectives.
Merz continued: "The German government has repeatedly expressed its concern about Iran's advanced nuclear weapons program for many years. (...) This nuclear program violates the provisions of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and poses a serious threat to the entire region, especially the State of Israel." The goal must remain "that Iran does not develop nuclear weapons."
Europe as a spectator
Reagimi i qeverisë gjermane ishte i parashikueshëm, thotë Hans-Jakob Schindler, një ekspert i Lindjes së Mesme në organizatën ndërkombëtare Counter Extremism Project. Gjermania luan vetëm një rol dytësor në konfliktin e Lindjes së Mesme dhe nuk është në gjendje të ndërmjetësojë në mënyrë aktive. "Sigurisht, mund të ofrohet ta bëjë këtë. Por tani negociatat e drejtpërdrejta midis SHBA-së dhe iranianëve janë thelbësore", tha Schindler për DW. "Formati i negociatave të së kaluarës - Gjermania, Franca, Britania e Madhe dhe SHBA-ja me iranianët - nuk është më pjesë e kësaj formule. Fatkeqësisht, evropianët tani janë më shumë spektatorë sesa aktorë në këtë konflikt."
Schindler nuk beson se përshkallëzimi aktual do të ndryshojë parimet bazë të politikës së Gjermanisë ndaj Izraelit. "Ne nuk jemi thjesht një vend tjetër; ne jemi Gjermania me historinë e Holokaustit. Në këtë drejtim, nuk ka absolutisht asnjë zgjedhje tjetër morale dhe etike përveçse të tregojmë solidaritet me Izraelin." Megjithatë, kjo nuk do të thotë që dikush duhet të miratojë automatikisht çdo operacion të ushtrisë izraelite dhe çdo vendim të qeverisë izraelite, vazhdoi Schindler. "Qeveria e re federale dukej shumë më e gatshme të kritikonte sesa qeveria e mëparshme."
Sa larg shkon e drejta për vetëmbrojtje?
Pas sulmit izraelit, eksperti i politikës së jashtme i SPD-së, Rolf Mützenich, i tha Deutschlandfunk se Izraeli kishte të drejtë për vetëmbrojtje. Megjithatë, kjo lidhej me një rrezik të menjëhershëm dhe një kërcënim ekzistencial. Nëse Izraeli iduhej ta shfrytëzonte këtë të drejtë, me siguri do të trajtohet në Këshillin e Sigurimit të OKB-së. Mützenich theksoi gjithashtu rrezikun e programit bërthamor të Iranit. "Teherani ka qenë gjithmonë i papërgjegjshëm në këtë spirale", tha ai.
Çështja nëse sulmi i Izraelit ishte legjitim sipas ligjit ndërkombëtar po diskutohet mjaft. Ekspertë ndërkombëtarë theksojnë se një sulm parandalues justifikohet vetëm në rrethana shumë të ngushta - për shembull, në rastin e një kërcënimi të afërt që nuk mund të shmanget në asnjë mënyrë tjetër.
"Kjo nuk është vetëmbrojtje, por një sulm në kundërshtim me të drejtën ndërkombëtare", tha Jan van Aken, kryetar i Partisë së Majtë gjermane, në një intervistë me DW. "Sigurisht, vendeve u lejohet të mbrohen nga sulmet. Por ky nuk ishte një sulm akut me armë bërthamore. Përkundrazi: për shkak se inspektorët ndërkombëtarë janë në Iran, ne e dimë se Irani aktualisht nuk ka uranium të pasuruar shumë në nivelin 90%", i cili është i nevojshëm për një bombë, tha van Aken. Sulmi eliminoi kontrollet. Prandaj, Irani tani do të jetë në gjendje të ndërtojë një bombë më shpejt "sesa nëse do të kishim vazhduar të mbështeteshim në diplomacinë e matur".
The German government must now do everything possible to ensure that negotiations on a new nuclear deal with Iran are not interrupted. Germany has "a very special responsibility for Israel, for Israel's right to exist and for Israel's security. This will never end. But this should not prevent us from criticizing the illegal conduct of the war in Gaza or against Iran and from taking appropriate steps, such as recognizing the State of Palestine and stopping arms shipments ," van Aken stressed.
Security of Jewish institutions in Germany
Meanwhile, some politicians see the escalation between Israel and Iran as a threat to the security situation in Germany. German Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt (CSU), in consultation with the interior ministers of the states, announced that security measures are being strengthened to protect Jewish and Israeli institutions in Germany. Germany must be prepared in case the situation in the Middle East becomes a potential threat to Germany. The Israeli Foreign Ministry announced that it would close all of its consulates and embassies worldwide./ DW
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