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The local elections of 2023, similar to the previous electoral processes held in Albania during the last decade, were accompanied by a flood of accusations and counter-accusations of electoral crimes, mainly by the opposition towards the ruling Socialist Party.
The use of public office for political or electoral activity is the criminal offense that occupies the greatest weight of the proceedings in the field of electoral crimes, this is the conclusion of the General Prosecutor's Office regarding the electoral crimes investigated by the prosecutors of general jurisdiction.
From the data analyzed by BIRN, it results that during the year 2023, 25 proceedings were registered for issues in the electoral field, where 19 were defendants.
Despite the relatively high number of proceedings, only 2 criminal proceedings were sent to court with 14 defendants and only 2 of them were convicted.
The General Prosecutor's Office in the annual report, filed in the Assembly, emphasizes the fact that "much more can be done in terms of crimes in the electoral field".
Chief Prosecutor Olsian Çela, while reporting to the deputies on July 15, affirmed that this is "a concern that I have tried to address both in the annual analyzes of the district prosecutors' offices, but also in the contribution in terms of the support we have given to various organizations who have done in-depth studies about the performance of the prosecution, assisting them and trying to make the results and findings part of the analysis of work and improvement".
But in addition to the Prosecutor's Office of the General Jurisdiction, election crimes are also investigated by the Special Anticorruption Structure. SPAK data speak of 50 criminal proceedings, with 17 people investigated during 2023 for crimes related to the elections. During the same year, 8 criminal proceedings were sent for trial by SPAK with 16 defendants, 6 requests for dismissal were submitted to the court, 2 were transferred, one was suspended and one proceeding was merged. Meanwhile, 32 criminal proceedings have been carried out for 2024.
Many investigations, few convictions
What stands out from the statistics of the two institutions is the gap between the cases investigated and those convicted. This concern has also been raised by the opposition political parties, which have often accused the prosecutor's office of amnestying officials who commit election crimes.
For lawyer Indrit Sefa, who also held the post of Secretary for Legal and Electoral Affairs in the Democratic Party, at the time when the seal and logo were controlled by Lulzim Basha, the problem lies in the fact that "the criminal charges filed by political parties are charges related with criminal facts that do not have evidence at the time of filing the report".
Sefa shton se partitë politike nuk janë prokurori që të hetojnë dhe të gjejnë prova, por sipas tij në shumicën e rasteve edhe kanë administruar prova që i kanë depozituar në prokurori.
“Fakti është që është me mbarimin e procesit zgjedhor bie dhe aktualiteti i ndjekjes penale të këtyre veprave, normalisht dhe prokuroritë nuk janë më të vullnetshme për ndjekjen e veprave penale që e kanë humbur aktualitetin, apo nuk sjellin një rrezik të vazhdueshëm”, shprehet avokati duke shtuar se organi i akuzës pavarësisht kohës, duhet të hetojë krimet zgjedhore që në këtë mënyrë edhe çështjet të mos zvarriten.
Por kreu i SPAK, Altin Dumani, në raportimin para deputetëve më 15 Korrik, i cilësoi të kënaqshme statistikat e institucionit që ai drejton, për sa i takon krimeve zgjedhore.
“Këta janë tregues që kanë të bëjnë me efektivitetin e prokurorisë së posaçme në raport me hetimin e krimit zgjedhor,” tha Dumani.
“Janë tregues ndoshta modestë, por tregojnë që prokuroria e posaçme ka treguar kujdesin e duhur për hetimin e çështjeve të kësaj natyre”, shtoi ai.
Nga ana tjetër Prokurori i Përgjithshëm, Olsian Çela pohoi se çështjet e krimeve zgjedhore po trajtohen me seriozitet dhe u është kërkuar më shumë punë prokurorive të rretheve “për proaktivitetin, thellimin e hetimeve, rritjen e cilësisë së tyre, koordinimin me Prokurorinë e Posaçme dhe policinë gjyqësore për të pasur rezultate konkrete”.
Problemi me ligjin
Kodi Penal ka një gamë mjaft të gjerë të veprave penale që lidhen me krimet zgjedhore dhe përcaktojnë qartë faktin se çfarë mund të përbëjë vepër penale. Veprat penale shtrihen që nga administrimi i zgjedhjeve deri te korrupsioni aktiv në zgjedhje dhe ushtrimi i funksionit publik për qëllime elektorale. Tashmë hetimet kryhen si nga Prokuroritë e Juridiksionit të Përgjithshëm por dhe nga SPAK.
Avokati Indrit Sefa është i mendimit se “kuadri ligjor është i plotë”. Problematika sipas tij qëndron tek ndarja e kompetencave të hetimit ku shpesh herë krimet zgjedhore hetohen nga prokuroritë e juridiksionit të përgjithshëm dhe jo nga SPAK, që është një institucion më i besueshëm.
Sipas tij, “të gjitha krimet që lidhen me çështjet zgjedhore duhet të hetohen nga prokuroria e posaçme duke u bërë kompetencë e Prokurorisë së Posaçme”.
Po ashtu, Sefa është i mendimit se për krime të kësaj natyre duhet të ketë një hetim më të shpejtë.
“Krim elektoral nuk është vetëm korrupsioni në zgjedhje, por janë dhe veprimet që bëjnë individët që merren me administrimin e zgjedhjeve,” theksoi Sefa.
“Janë vepra penale që kryhen dhe ndikojnë në mënyrë të drejtpërdrejtë në rezultatin e zgjedhjeve”, shton ai.
Drejt një strategjie të re
Problematikat e shfaqura gjatë hetimeve dhe ankesat nga forcat politike kanë sjellë nevojën e një strategjie të re për të hetuar dhe dënuar krimet zgjedhore. Si drejtuesi i Prokurorisë së Posaçme dhe ai i Prokurorisë së Përgjithshme, flasin për nevojën e shtimit të vëmendjes për veprat penale që lidhen me zgjedhjet.
Olsian Çela, while reporting to the Assembly, assured the deputies that "on our part, proactivity will be encouraged regarding the initiation of investigations", but added that "in cases where there are public denunciations, it remains in the decision-making of each prosecutor whether or not to initiate a proceeding criminal".
While Altin Dumani, the head of SPAK, once again informed the legislators that they are working on a new strategy to investigate election crimes.
"The strategy will be made public in January 2025 and our goal is that at the beginning of 2025, we as an institution have created the necessary human infrastructure but also the necessary technical tools, in order to investigate possible election crimes during 2025 ", he affirmed.
During a marathon question-and-answer session, Dumani explained that SPAK could soon have its sections in the districts to investigate election crimes. Reporter.al
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