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Pollution threatens the Drini River and its tributaries in three Balkan countries
Radivoje Krasic grew up on the banks of the White Drin, Kosovo's longest river. Yet his memories are tinged with a sense of loss.
“We learned to swim here as children and spent hours by the river, watching the flocks,” said Krasic, a fisherman from the western Kosovo town of Gorazdevac. “The water was clean and safe to drink; there was no garbage.”
Today, it’s a different story. Sewage flows untreated into the White Drin River, and its banks are littered with garbage. “I was on the bank recently and it was horrible,” Krasic said.
Plunging 580 meters, the White Drini and its waterfalls have long been a draw for visitors amazed by the display of nature's raw power.
From the southern slope of Mount Zljeb, the river flows 175 kilometers, enters Albania and joins the Black Drin from North Macedonia, becoming the Drin, which travels west towards the Adriatic Sea.
The Drini and its two main tributaries are increasingly polluted: plastic bags, textiles, and other waste clog the banks; building waste forms large illegal dumps visible even in Google satellite images; and dredging has irreversibly altered the riverbed.
Environmentalists say the situation has become critical, with consequences for both the environment and public health.
In a questionnaire conducted by Radio Gorazdevac, half of respondents said higher fines should be imposed on polluters; a quarter called for better waste management, and the rest said local authorities should be more involved.
“If we do not act now, these rivers will soon become lifeless, depriving future generations of their environmental and sustainable benefits ,” said Dijesa Morina, manager of the European Union-funded project Promoting Universal Access to Clean Water.
Harmful metals
In Struga, in southwestern North Macedonia, the Black Drin serves as an important source of drinking water and irrigation for agricultural lands. However, pollution from factories, illegal landfills and waste from Lake Ohrid, the river's source, have been blamed for a sharp decline in populations of carp, trout and eel.
In Albania, in a survey conducted by Citizens.al, 94 percent of respondents reported seeing a decline in fish and vegetation in the Drin; three-quarters said the problem requires better waste management and greater involvement of local authorities.
Në raportin e saj më të fundit, Agjencia Kombëtare e Mjedisit e Shqipërisë, AKM, vuri në dukje praninë e kadmiumit – një metal i butë që gjendet në mineralet e zinkut – dhe plumbit në ujë në dy fshatra në rajonin e luginës së lumit Drin të Dibrës, të cilat të dyja mund të shkaktojnë probleme shëndetësore edhe në sasi të vogla.
Ndërkohë, projektet energjetike dhe infrastrukturore, përfshirë katër diga, kanë ndryshuar ndjeshëm rrjedhën e lumit Drin në Shqipëri.
Biologu dhe eksperti mjedisor Jak Gjini, anëtar i OJQ-së mjedisore Klubi Ekologjik i Lezhës, e përshkroi seksionin që kalon përmes Lezhës si një “lum të vdekur”, shumë të ndotur nga shkarkimet urbane, industriale dhe bujqësore që shkaktojnë eutrofikim, kur lëndët ushqyese – si fosfori i azotit – grumbullohen dhe shkaktojnë rritje të tepruar të bimëve dhe alkozave.
Reduktimi i sedimentit bën që uji i detit të depërtojë në tokë, tha ai, duke rrezikuar zona si Laguna Kune-Vain.
“Është një fenomen që e kam parë vetë, duke treguar situatën e rëndë me të cilën përballemi”, tha Gjini. “Përveç ndotjes masive, ne jemi në prag të një katastrofe sa i përket cilësisë dhe përdorimit të tokës”.
Në vitin 2023, AKK-ja raportoi cilësinë e ujit në Drin si ‘të dobët’; në vitin 2018, u vlerësua 'i moderuar'.
Veprimet në nivel komunal, megjithatë, shpesh pengohen nga burokracia, ndarjet politike dhe mungesa e parave të gatshme.
Në Kosovë, Morina theksoi cenueshmërinë e rrjetit hidrografik të Kosovës – të gjithë lumenjtë sipërfaqësor dhe nëntokësor, përrenjtë, kanalet dhe liqenet – i cili mbulon rreth 11,000 kilometra katrorë, por ruan vetëm 500,000 metra kub ujë në rezervuarë.
“Ne kemi burime të kufizuara ujore dhe çështje të shumta mjedisore, siç janë ujërat e zeza të patrajtuara, efluentet industriale dhe mbeturinat e ngurta,” tha Morina. Nxjerrja e zhavorrit dhe hidrocentralet po devijojnë rrjedhat e tëra ujore dhe po i shtyjnë lumenjtë drejt kolapsit, tha ajo për BIRN.
Ndotësit i shpëtojnë dënimit
Aktivistët mjedisorë po bëjnë thirrje për veprim urgjent.
“Peshkimi në këto kushte duhet të ndalet, pasi peshqit nga ky mjedis toksik paraqesin rreziqe serioze”, tha aktivisti strugan Nderim Pollozhani.
Atij i bëri jehonë Shuip Marku, një aktivist në Dibër, i cili paralajmëroi dëmin e shkaktuar nga mbetjet e minierave dhe ujërat e zeza, të cilat ulin nivelin e oksigjenit në ujë dhe dëmtojnë specie të rëndësishme ekologjikisht.
Megjithatë, gjobat nuk duket se i pengojnë ndotësit.
Në Maqedoninë e Veriut, Komuna e Strugës nuk iu përgjigj kërkesës për koment, ndërsa Komuna e Ohrit tha se nuk kishte “juridiksion”.
Në Dibër të Maqedonisë së Veriut, komuna lokale tha se inspektorët e saj nuk kishin identifikuar ndonjë ndotës ose nuk kishin vendosur ndonjë gjobë.
Në Shqipëri, kompanitë që zbulohet se kanë ndotur mjedisin përballen me gjoba që variojnë nga afërsisht 5,000 euro deri në 26,000 euro. Ligji parashikon gjithashtu dënime me burg nga një deri në 15 vjet për shkeljet më të rënda.
But with no sign that such a punishment is an effective deterrent, critics say the only hope comes from independent initiatives, like that of environmental expert Lulzim Baumann. This year, Baumann and a team of volunteers collected about 30 tons of plastic waste from the waters around Kukes in northern Albania.
"If it happens twice a year for three to four years in a row, I'm confident it will make a significant difference," Baumann said. But that depends on the financial support of the Kukes Municipality, given the cost of 40,000 euros to bring the boat from Germany and operate it for three months.
Taken from Balkan Insight
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