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"The Italy-Albania plan has many obstacles", American magazine: Why migrant centers cannot function
International media have long been paying attention to our country following the migrant agreement between Albania and Italy.
Recently, the prestigious American magazine ForeignPolicy wrote that the Italy-Albania plan has many obstacles and that the EU's offshore migrant centers cannot function.
Article:
In 2023, Italy signed a controversial $710 million deal to send asylum seekers from countries it considers “safe” to offshore reception centers in Albania, which is not in the European Union, where it would then process their asylum claims.
But the scheme to stem migrant arrivals quickly turned into a political and financial disaster - one that highlights how, despite European ambitions to tackle migration through offshore hubs, these plans currently face too many obstacles to be feasible.
The government of Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni presented the scheme, which involves intercepting male migrants at sea and transporting them directly to Albanian facilities, as a potential plan for the EU to process migrants outside its borders. In October 2024, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen praised the Italy-Albania agreement, saying that EU leaders had much to learn from it and encouraging them to consider offshore "return hubs" as viable options for managing asylum claims.
But later that month, after Italy transported a group of migrants from Bangladesh and Egypt to Albania, an Italian court ruled that they should all be sent to Italy. The judges cited an earlier ruling by the EU Court of Justice, which found that a country of origin can only be designated “safe” if the entire country is safe for all minority groups. Meloni’s government has appealed the ruling and recently pledged to follow through on its plans. To date, Italy has not successfully processed a single asylum application in the Albanian centers.
The Italy-Albania deal has been criticized by the opposition and much of the Italian electorate. According to a recent poll, 55 percent of voters do not support the program. One reason is financial: The first sea transport of asylum seekers to Albania on an Italian ship cost about $262,000 — about $16,400 per migrant — and the scheme could cost more than $1 billion over five years.
De Pieri, megjithatë, beson se "e djathta ekstreme po përdor 'krizën' e migracionit për qëllime të fushatës, pa respektuar në fakt detyrimet e saj ndaj njerëzve në lëvizje". Ajo theksoi se ardhjet janë ulur me 60 për qind në vitin 2024 krahasuar me një vit më parë. “Kërkesa jonë është që politikanët në pushtet të përqendrohen në forcimin e një sistemi tashmë të vendosur dhe të krijojnë rrugë ligjore për azil në vend që të gjejnë arratisje për të mos lejuar njerëzit të arrijnë në tokën e BE-së,” shtoi ajo.
Ideja e objekteve të azilit në det të hapur nuk është e re. Australia dhe Izraeli kanë përdorur qendrat e paraburgimit në vendet e treta gjatë dekadës së fundit. Dhe në vitet e fundit, disa qeveri evropiane kanë shqyrtuar ose tentuar masa të ngjashme pasi kanë kërkuar të mbajnë mbështetjen duke përmbushur premtimet e fushatës për të kufizuar migracionin, duke përfshirë Danimarkën, Gjermaninë dhe Mbretërinë e Bashkuar.
Fachile beson se nuk ka gjasa që kontraktimi i azilit në BE të funksionojë, pasi shkel shumë ligje ndërkombëtare. Madje mund të dobësojë mbështetjen për qeverinë e Melonit, veçanërisht në një kohë kur ajo gjithashtu përballet me shtyrje mes shkurtimeve buxhetore në sektorët e arsimit, shëndetësisë dhe sigurimeve shoqërore.
Deri më tani, marrëveshja Itali-Shqipëri ka përkeqësuar marrëdhëniet tashmë të tensionuara midis administratës së Melonit, e cila bëri një fushatë të madhe për menaxhimin e migracionit, dhe gjyqësorit, të cilin e djathta e akuzon si "të politizuar". Zëvendëskryeministri Matteo Salvini ka kërcënuar gjyqtarët në TV, duke thënë: “Ata bënë një gabim dhe do të duhet të paguajnë për këtë”. Edhe Elon Musk, një mik i vjetër i Melonit, iu bashkua debatit, duke postuar në X, "Këta gjyqtarë duhet të shkojnë".
Dhjetorin e kaluar, Meloni i kërkoi GJED-së të hidhte poshtë kundërshtimet ndaj marrëveshjes përpara vitit të ri. Ndërkohë të gjitha forcat e policisë italiane janë larguar nga objektet shqiptare dhe qendrat po përdoren përkohësisht për të strehuar qindra qen endacakë. Ky zhvillim ka rindezur debatin mbi koston e skemës, me kundërshtarët që kritikojnë Melonin se ka krijuar "lukuninë më të shtrenjtë në botë".
E majta politike e përçarë e Italisë do të përfitojë nga polemikat. Vitet e fundit, e majta ka luftuar për të formuar një koalicion që mund të kundërshtojë Vëllezërit e Italisë në pushtet. Por "ky episod ka kontribuar në forcimin e opozitës sonë, sepse të gjithë jemi dakord se është një ide e keqe," tha Matteo Orfini, një ligjvënës dhe ish-kreu i Partisë Demokratike të qendrës së majtë të Italisë.
However, the newly united opposition knows that there is a long fight ahead. The EU’s debate over treating migration as an offshore problem will not be resolved anytime soon. And now that Donald Trump has been re-elected as US president – and has given Musk a role in his administration – the US approach to migration could further embolden anti-immigrant politicians across the Atlantic.
Throughout his campaign, Trump vowed to deport millions of undocumented immigrants, and “ his victory speech left little doubt about his intentions, doubling down on promises of a comprehensive immigration overhaul,” said Nenad Stekic, a fellow at the Institute for International and Economic Policy. Like Meloni’s Albania project, there are serious questions about whether Trump will be able to follow through. But Stekic predicts that the president-elect’s rhetoric could have far-reaching consequences and inspire EU leaders to adopt similar plans, especially if unrest in the Middle East leads to a surge in migrant arrivals.
“In the EU, centrist parties may feel pressured to adopt more conservative immigration stances to avoid losing ground, making consensus on reform more challenging as leaders balance humanitarian obligations against political pressures, ” Stekic added.
However, members of the Italian left say they are ready to oppose the far-right, anti-immigrant policies that have spread in the country since 2018, faster than much of the rest of Europe. They hope they will be able to convince voters by the next election – which is due to be held in December 2027 – that the right’s promises to curb immigration are just a distraction from the real issues facing Italians, including threats to human rights, such as press freedom and the right to protest, and high levels of poverty.
"We were the first to deal with the far right and we hope to be the first to get rid of it so that [the United States] can see its future, " Orsini said.
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