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UN climate report: Scientists release 'survival guide' to avoid catastrophe
UN chief Antonio Guterres says the new report on climate change is a "survival guide for humanity".According to the report, the use of energy and clean technology can be used to avoid the growing catastrophe of the climate. But at a meeting in Switzerland to agree their findings, climate scientists warned that a key global temperature target was likely to be missed. Their report shows how rapid cuts in fossil fuels can avert the worst effects of climate change. In response to the findings, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres says all countries must come up with their own net-zero plans within a decade. These targets are supposed to rapidly cut greenhouse gas emissions that warm our planet's atmosphere.
"There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a stable and sustainable future for all," the report said.
Governments had previously agreed to act to avoid global temperature increases above 1.5ºC. But the world has already warmed by 1.1ºC and now experts say it is likely to exceed 1.5ºC in the 2030s. The UK government responded that the report made clear that countries must "work towards much more ambitious climate commitments ” ahead of the UN's COP28 climate summit in November.
"The UK is a world leader in working towards net zero, but we need to move at a fast pace," said a spokesman.
The report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the scientific body that advises the UN on rising temperatures, has been agreed by all governments involved. Their new study aims to summarize in a small volume some of the historical findings on the causes, impacts and solutions to climate change that have been published since 2018. It describes the significant impacts that climate change is already having on the world and explains that these will get much worse. By 2100, once-in-a-century extreme coastal flooding is expected to occur at least annually at at least half of the world's tide gauge locations – sites where sea level records are taken. Concentrations of the warming gas CO2 in the atmosphere are the highest in 2 million years. The world is now warmer than ever at 125,
“Edhe në një afat të afërt, ngrohja globale ka më shumë gjasa sesa të mos arrijë në 1.5ºC edhe në skenarin shumë të ulët të gazit serrë,” thuhet në raport.
“Nëse synojmë për 1.5ºC dhe arrijmë 1.6ºC, kjo është ende shumë më mirë sesa të themi, është tepër vonë, dhe ne jemi të dënuar dhe as që po përpiqemi“- tha për BBC News Dr Friederike Otto, një anëtare e Ekipi kryesor i shkrimit për këtë raport, nga Imperial College.
“Dhe unë mendoj se ajo që ky raport tregon shumë, shumë qartë është se ka shumë për të fituar duke u përpjekur.”
Sinteza tregon se emetimet e parashikuara të CO2 nga infrastruktura ekzistuese e karburanteve fosile, të tilla si puset e naftës dhe tubacionet e gazit, do të shkatërronin buxhetin e mbetur të karbonit (sasinë e CO2 që ende mund të emetohet) për të qëndruar nën këtë prag të temperaturës. Dhe ndërsa nuk përmendin në mënyrë eksplicite projekte të reja si vaji i Willow në SHBA ose miniera e qymyrit Cumbria në MB, shkencëtarët e përfshirë kanë pak dyshime për ndikimin e tyre.
“Nuk ka një ditë ndërprerjeje (për lëndët djegëse fosile), por është e qartë se infrastruktura e karburanteve fosile që kemi tashmë do të fryjë përmes atij buxheti të karbonit”- tha Dr Oliver Geden, nga Instituti Gjerman për Çështjet Ndërkombëtare dhe të Sigurisë dhe një anëtar i Ekipi kryesor i shkrimit të raportit.
“Buxheti i mbetur i karbonit në hapjen e infrastrukturës së re të karburanteve fosile sigurisht që nuk është në përputhje me objektivin 1.5ºC.”
Dokumenti argumenton fuqishëm se kalimi i temperaturës 1.5ºC nuk do të jetë fundi i botës pasi kjo mund të jetë vetëm një “tejkalim i përkohshëm”. Autorët shprehen të sigurt se ndryshimet dramatike mund të arrihen me shpejtësi, duke vënë në dukje rënien masive të çmimit të energjisë së prodhuar nga dielli dhe era. Ata gjithashtu argumentojnë se ndryshimet e nxitura nga konsumatorët për sa i përket dietës, mbetjeve ushqimore dhe kalimit në transportin e ulët të karbonit mund të arrijnë ulje të konsiderueshme në emetimet nga shumë sektorë. Por raporti gjithashtu pranon se përveç arritjes së emetimeve neto zero sa më shpejt të jetë e mundur, do të nevojitet përdorimi në shkallë të gjerë i teknologjisë së heqjes së dioksidit të karbonit. Disa vëzhgues kanë dyshimet e tyre. "We know what needs to happen, but the carbon removal part and the ideas of carbon capture and storage are a massive distraction," said Lili Fuhr, of the Center for International Environmental Law, who attended the session. approval. Responding to the report's call for more urgent action, the UN secretary-general is calling on countries to present their plans for net zero within a decade.
"Developed country leaders must commit to achieving net zero as close to 2040 as possible, a limit that everyone should aim to meet," he said in a statement. Guterres also called on countries like India and China, which have announced net-zero plans beyond 2050, to try to take them a decade as well.
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