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In recent weeks, the idea of a European mission in Ukraine has gained momentum. If realized, it could redefine security priorities in Europe. But how would NATO's presence in Kosovo affect it? Less attention, more risk, some analysts predict.
As Europe considers sending troops to Ukraine, another front comes into play: Kosovo.
With thousands of European peacekeepers deployed in the country, could it be that focusing resources and attention on the east leaves Kosovo more vulnerable?
NATO assures us that it is not. In a response to Radio Free Europe, an alliance official says that "NATO has long been committed to the security and stability of the Western Balkans. We will continue to contribute in this direction, along with other commitments that allies may make."
NATO's peacekeeping mission, KFOR, was deployed in Kosovo after the end of the war in 1999.
There are currently over 4,600 troops - the vast majority of them European. Italy leads with over 1,200, followed by other countries such as Hungary, Germany, Poland or Switzerland with hundreds of soldiers.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there has also been a peacekeeping mission for decades, consisting of European forces.
With 1,100 soldiers and 3,500 other reserves, EUFOR has been providing support to the country's institutions in maintaining peace since 2004, when it replaced NATO forces.
NATO chief Mark Rutte was in Bosnia and Kosovo this month. Speaking to reporters in Pristina on March 11, he said NATO's commitment to the region remains strong to this day.
He said that the eventual deployment of European troops to Ukraine could influence the review of the foreign military presence in the Balkans, but did not say how or when.
"It's too early [to talk], because, first, an agreement for peace in Ukraine, or a ceasefire, must be reached before you can start maintaining it," Rutte said.
Britain and France are leading efforts to assemble a military force that would be deployed in Ukraine in the event of a ceasefire.
This, after US President Donald Trump initiated talks on a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine - three years after the Russian state launched a full-scale invasion of its neighbor.
"The UK and France are jointly leading plans to arrange security guarantees for Ukraine. We are doing this work together. We are working closely with partner countries and trying to create a coalition of the willing from Europe and beyond," said British Defence Secretary John Healey.
Pas një takimi të udhëheqësve evropianë, më 27 mars në Paris, presidenti i Francës, Emmanuel Macron, tha se ata u pajtuan që t’i shqyrtonin çështjet specifike ligjore rreth çfarëdo force evropiane të sigurisë për Ukrainën, dhe të raportonin pas tri javësh.
Kryeministri britanik, Keir Starmer, tha se misioni nuk do të ishte i mundur pa ndihmën e SHBA-së, por SHBA-ja ishte e ftohtë ndaj idesë së ndonjë roli ushtarak në Ukrainë.
Ministri i Jashtëm rus, Sergei Lavrov, tha, po ashtu, se për Rusinë do të ishte e papranueshme prania e forcave të vendeve të NATO-s në Ukrainë - “në secilën rrethanë”, sipas tij.
Disa vëzhgues si Tim Less, nga Qendra për Gjeopolitikë e Universitetit të Kembrixhit, nuk presin që ky mision të formohet, pikërisht për shkak të këtyre kundërshtimeve.
Në vend të tij, Less pret që Evropa t’i fortifikojë shtetet që janë më të shqetësuara nga kërcënimi rus, si ato të Baltikut, Polonia, Rumania apo Moldavia.
“E, nëse vlerëson se Ballkani është në front për t’u ballafaquar me Rusinë, atëherë mendoj se do të shohim një militarizim më të madh, sidomos të Kosovës dhe Bosnjës. Por, nëse ndodh skenari i parë, ai do të kërkonte një lloj rialokimi të burimeve larg Ballkanit, drejt atyre vendeve të tjera”.
“Në atë rast, Serbisë do t’i dërgohej mesazh i qartë, se nuk do të përballej me kundërshtime, nëse i shtyn përpara qëllimet e veta politike”, thotë Less për programin Expose të Radios Evropa e Lirë.
Këtë mendim ndan edhe Hikmet Karçiq, bashkëpunëtor hulumtues në Universitetin e Sarajevës dhe autor i librit “Torturë, poshtërim, vrasje: Brenda sistemit të kampit serb të Bosnjës”.
Zhvendosja e vëmendjes mund të krijojë boshllëqe në siguri, sipas tij.
“Çdo dhunë që ndodh në rajon, ka potencial të përhapet nga një vend në tjetrin - në Bosnje, Kosovë, Mal të Zi, Serbi, Maqedoni të Veriut. E kemi parë këtë edhe në të kaluarën. Por, viteve të fundit ka qenë fokusi i Perëndimit, i NATO-s, ai që e ka mbrojtur rajonin”.
“Në Kosovë, për shembull, prania e trupave të huaja është arsyeja kryesore përse Serbia nuk ka bërë përpjekje - përveç para gati dy vjetësh në Banjskë - ta sulmojë fizikisht atë”, thotë Karçiq për Exposenë.
Jeta Loshaj, hulumtuese në Qendrën Kosovare për Studime të Sigurisë, pret që rajoni i Ballkanit të mbetet në radarin e Evropës dhe të zërë vend në secilin plan për mbrojtje që ajo bën.
Këtë, sipas saj, e dëshmon edhe vizita që bëri shefi i NATO-s në Kosovë, e paraprakisht edhe në Bosnje.
“Nuk e dimë ende nëse forcat [evropiane] do të vendosen në Ukrainë. Por, nëse një vendim i tillë merret, i bie që Evropa ka investuar në forcat e veta ushtarake. E kemi parë edhe planin për ndarjen e 800 miliardë eurove për mbrojtje. Mendoj se aty do të përfshihej edhe Kosova”, thotë Loshaj për Exposenë.
Loshaj u sugjeron institucioneve të Kosovës të mbeten në komunikim të ngushtë me aleatët ndërkombëtarë - qoftë me NATO-n si tërësi, apo edhe me shtetet e saj veç e veç.
She particularly appreciates the initiative for military cooperation recently undertaken by Kosovo, Albania and Croatia.
“[It] sends a message that Kosovo is ready to find ways not only to strengthen its capacities, but also to reflect on the current geopolitical situations,” says Loshaj.
Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti, who is seeking a new governing mandate, this week promised over a billion euros in budget for the country's Security Force and reiterated that Kosovo will build its own ammunition and military drone factory.
Less, from the University of Cambridge, believes Kosovo needs to take two key steps to maintain the attention of its allies.
"One is to actively lobby the West, promoting the idea that Serbia is a threat to it and must be contained. And, under two, to invest in its security, building up its army, building up its arms stockpiles and so on - in case it has to confront Serbia directly and without outside help," says Less.
Karcic agrees that coordinated diplomatic and military strategies will be crucial in balancing these simultaneous security challenges.
According to him, the West should help Kosovo strengthen its military and security capacities, including increasing cybersecurity, to be able to protect itself from potential threats.
Bosnia says it should be encouraged to overcome its political divisions and take steps to strengthen its institutions and security capacities.
On the contrary, Karcic says that Russia would fill any possible vacuum left by the West.
"Russia, together with its supporters in Serbia and Montenegro, would ultimately try to hinder NATO's expansion in this area, as well as its integration into the EU. It would also make efforts to destabilize NATO states in the Balkans, such as Montenegro. We have seen these efforts in previous years, especially with Montenegro and North Macedonia," he says.
And, with a US administration signaling less involvement in European affairs, the Kremlin may feel less pressure for its actions, whether in Ukraine or the Balkans, says Professor Less.
"Donald Trump's inauguration on January 20 was a kind of bombshell that exploded in international relations. Almost everywhere you look, you see some kind of Trump influence," he said.
In this uncertain climate, the challenge for Kosovo and the Western Balkans in general seems clear: stay on the radar, or risk being sidelined from the geopolitical game, analysts say.
But this requires a careful balance between domestic and international interests - something that is never easy, especially in a region like the Balkans./REL
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