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"They don't want our wheat": Kosovo farmers say Serbia is flooding the market with old wheat
Dozens of Kosovar farmers - wheat producers - headed to Pristina on Wednesday to protest in front of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development.
The reason? The low price - only 17-18 cents per kilogram of wheat - which, according to them, has been set by local millers, who are also the main buyers of their products.
"We are protesting about the price and the mess they are making, mainly the millers," Genc Mazreku, a farmer from Malisheva, told Radio Free Europe.
Many of his colleagues, who set off towards Pristina on tractors, were stopped by police and not allowed to enter the city, as the protest had not been officially notified to the authorities, as required by law.
Mazreku said that he has planted about 60 hectares of wheat and that this year he expects a yield of approximately 4 thousand kilograms per hectare.
But, according to him, the price being offered by the millers is extremely low.
He links this situation to the import of "old wheat" from Serbia, which, according to him, negatively affects the domestic market and the value of production of Kosovar farmers.
"Every year, when June comes, these millers go and clean the 'waste' (of wheat) in Serbia and bring it to Kosovo. The wheat from five years ago, from Serbia's reserves, comes to Kosovo and Albanians eat it. The wheat that is harvested this year (in Kosovo), no one takes it... or they say 17 cents, 16 cents, whatever they like," Mazreku said in outrage.
Data from Kosovo Customs confirms that Serbia is one of the main countries from which wheat is imported into Kosovo.
In the period January-May of this year, wheat worth about 7.9 million euros was imported.
The majority - over 7.2 million euros - was imported from Serbia, while the rest from Hungary and Croatia.
Radio Free Europe asked the Kosovo Food and Veterinary Agency about the year of production of the imported wheat this year, but, by the time of publication of this article, it had not received a response.
Mazreku said that the millers have also increased the water tariff this year - from 18 percent, which was last year, to 24 percent.
Water is the amount of grain that the miller keeps for himself as compensation for grinding.
This means that for every 1,000 kilograms of wheat that the farmer brings in for milling, the miller receives 240 kilograms.
"They trample on the farmer wherever they can. We have nowhere to leave our reserves," said Mazreku.
The same concern was shared by Sali Ilazi, a farmer from the municipality of Ferizaj.
He has planted 127 hectares of wheat, which he considers to be of high quality.
"Last year they paid us 20 cents. Now it's 18 cents. With this price of wheat, we can't cover (the cost of production)... The real price should be 22 to 23 cents. But why take our wheat, when they can take it from Serbia... Well, it's last resort," according to Ilazi.
Bashkëvendësi i tij, Aziz Halili, i cili ka të mbjellë rreth gjashtë hektarë me grurë, u shpreh gjithashtu i pakënaqur me çmimin që ofrohet nga mullisët.
Ai e konsideron atë të padrejtë, sidomos në raport me rritjen e çmimit të bukës.
“Shoqatat e mullisëve dhe bukëpjekësit fitojnë, e prodhimi ynë, që është kryesori, shkelet”, sipas Halilit.
Në protestë ishte edhe Ferat Xhaka nga Podujeva.
Ai tha se në komunën e tij, mullisët as që pranojnë t’ia blejnë grurin.
“Nuk e marrin fare. Kanë gjetur alternativa tjera, po e sjellin nga Serbia. Doganë ka pak për grurë dhe për këto produktet e bujqësisë. Neve na shkelin”, tha ai.
Si caktohet çmimi?
Kosova nuk ka një bursë për çmimin e grurit, prandaj mullisët bazohen në çmimet rajonale, thonë nga Shoqata e Mullisëve të Kosovës.
Udhëheqësi i kësaj shoqate, Bashkim Zejnullahu, thotë për Radion Evropa e Lirë se në raste të domosdoshme, mullisët nga Kosova importojnë grurë nga Serbia, Maqedonia e Veriut dhe Bullgaria.
Aktualisht, çmimi për 1 tonelatë grurë në rajon është më i ulët se në Kosovë.
“Në rajon, për momentin, sillet prej 150 deri në 170 euro për tonelatë”, thotë Zejnullahu.
Kjo do të thotë se çmimi për një kilogram është 15 deri në 17 centë.
Zejnullahu tregon se në Kosovë, aktualisht, ka nisur korrja e grurit vetëm në disa pjesë të Suharekës, Prizrenit dhe Rahovecit, ndërkohë që në pjesët tjera, korrje-shirjet pritet të nisin nga java e ardhshme.
Ai thotë se mullisët kosovarë, të cilët grumbullojnë grurin, sapo kanë filluar këtë proces, por me çmime të ndryshme.
“Nuk kanë çmime të njëjta. Krejt varet nga kualiteti i grurit. Prej 170 (euro) deri në 190 (euro) për një ton”, thotë Zejnullahu.
Ai shpjegon se çmimi i grurit përcaktohet kryesisht nga cilësia, që lidhet ngushtë me pastërtinë e tij.
Sipas Zejnullahut, ndodh shpesh që gruri që sjellin fermerët kosovarë, nuk është i pastër.
“Ende kemi shumë kombajna, të cilat janë të vjetruara dhe hedhin shumë mbeturina në grurë. Mbeturinat nuk duhet të jenë më shumë se dy ose tre për qind, por në të shumtën e rasteve janë pesë deri në 10 për qind”, thotë Zejnullahu, duke shtuar se kjo ndikon drejtpërdrejt në uljen e çmimit për kilogram.
Radio Evropa e Lirë iu drejtua Ministrisë së Bujqësisë, Pylltarisë dhe Zhvillimit Rural për t’u informuar për mundësinë e adresimit të shqetësimeve të fermerëve kosovarë lidhur me çmimin e grurit dhe politikat mbrojtëse për prodhimin vendor, por, deri në publikimin e këtij artikulli, nuk mori përgjigje.
Ministria nuk iu përgjigj as pyetjeve për sipërfaqen e mbjellë me grurë në Kosovë, pritshmëritë për rendimentet, nevojat totale për grurë dhe në ç’masë plotësohen ato nga prodhuesit vendorë.
Nga raportimet e mëhershme, Kosova ka nevojë për rreth 400 mijë tonë grurë në vit, por prodhimi vendor mbulon pak më shumë se 60 për qind të kësaj sasie.
In 2022, the quality of wheat produced in Kosovo was below usual standards, while imported supplies were jeopardized due to the temporary ban on exports from Serbia - a measure that followed the global market crisis as a result of the war in Ukraine.
Wheat, as a raw material for the production of flour, is considered a strategic product for Kosovo's national security. REL
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