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In an exclusive interview with DW, Ismail Kadare's translator into German, Joachim Röhm, talks about the relationship with the writer, and his favorite books.
Deutsche Welle: Today came the news of the death of the famous Albanian writer of letters Ismail Kadare, and at the same time your most important author. What feelings and memories did this news bring you?
Joachim Röhm: Very, very painful. Because I know that not only a great writer of world caliber has gone, but also a guiding figure for the entire Albanian nation, which has reason to be proud of Kadare. Thanks to him, Albania remained focused towards Europe during the transition from communism to a free society. The loss is great, not only literary. I have many valuable memories from over four decades of knowing him personally, but they cannot be summed up in a few words.
How was your personal relationship with Kadare?
We have had many meetings during these decades, readings, literary trips and conferences throughout the German-speaking area. In Albania we always met, when I went to visit either his house or the cafes he loved so much. I can say that a friendly relationship had been established between us. Sometimes he disagreed with my opinions, but you could discuss anything with him. As a translator I appreciated the opportunity to always ask him, but he never interfered with my work.
If we wanted to describe Ismail Kadare based on the characters of his literature, who would characterize him best?
Ah, I think many of the characters have something of him. But I believe this applies to almost all writers. His most personal work is probably The Accident, but I know that his relationship with this book was later ambiguous. It has not been translated into German. In the character of Besian Vorps from "Broken April" you find the author in his interest in Albanian traditions. In Rudian Stefa, in the book "E Penguara", you see the writer who has to survive under the mills of the regime. But the very complex personality of Ismail Kadare cannot be found entirely in his books. And I believe that this cannot be expected.
Which of Kadare's books do you think best demonstrates the skill of his pen?
Ismail Kadare liked the short form, and many of his works show how well he mastered it. This is best evidenced by the volume Theft of the Royal Sleep. Novels such as The Winter of the Great Loneliness and The Concert at the End of Winter show that he felt confident even in more complex forms of writing.
Ju, si përkthyes, a keni një libër që e doni më së shumti?
"Kronikë në gur". Ishte romani i parë i Kadaresë që kam përkthyer në gjermanisht (asokohe në shtëpinë botuese “Residenz" në Salzburg, Austri) dhe, sipas meje, është vepra e tij më intime dhe më e ngrohtë. Por edhe "Kamarja e turpit" është një libër, krejt ndryshe nga i pari, që më pëlqen shumë; po ashtu, personazhi i Gjorgut te "Prilli i thyer".
Ju e keni shoqëruar atë në shumë lexime në Gjermani. Çfarë pëlqenin lexuesit gjermanë më shumë te vepra e Kadaresë?
Jo vetëm në Gjermani, por edhe në Austri dhe Zvicër, Kadareja kishte një audiencë relativisht të vogël, por besnike dhe të përkushtuar. Lexuesit gjermanë vlerësonin sesi Kadare ndriçonte ndërveprimin midis miteve dhe realitetit dhe e përdorte këtë për të zbuluar marrëdhëniet e pushtetit. Kjo mund të jetë njëra nga arsyet e pëlqimit. Por ndoshta edhe njëfarë ekzotizmi i tij nga këndvështrimi i këtushëm; ose edhe talenti i tij i veçantë si rrëfimtar.
Përkthimet tuaja të veprave të Kadaresë janë shumë të vlerësuara në Gjermani dhe ju keni fituar çmimin e njohur Jane Scatcherd për përkthyes. Kadare vetë nuk ka fituar një çmim të rëndësishëm letrar në Gjermani. Si e shpjegoni këtë?
Në Gjermani nuk ka çmime letrare të krahasueshme me Man-Booker ose Princi i Asturias. Por, fakti që Kadare mund të jetë parë me dyshim nga disa figura të skenës letrare gjermane, ka të bëjë me debatin e këtushëm për përgjegjësinë e shkrimtarëve gjatë socializmit. Ky debat filloi në vitet '90 rreth figurës së shkrimtares Christa Wolf. U krijua një perceptim i padrejtë për Kadarenë dhe shumë kritikë letrarë, që më parë e lëvdonin atë, filluan ta kritikonin, megjithëse vepra e tij nuk kishte ndryshuar. Mendoj se shumica e tyre nuk e njihnin realitetin brutal të Shqipërisë, me të cilin duhej të përballeshin autorët shqiptarë, ndaj dhe besuan shumë lehtë në thashethemet nga skena letrare e përçarë shqiptare. Unë kam shkruar për këtë gjetkë. Gjithsesi, është e pamohueshme që debatet e atëhershme kanë lënë ende një shije të hidhur.
Shihni në letërsinë shqipe një pasardhëse ose një pasardhës të denjë, që mund ta zërë vendin e Kadaresë?
Nuk besoj se shkrimtarët e mëdhenj mund të zëvendësohen ose duhet të zëvendësohen. Një Kafka i dytë? Vështirë të parafytyrohet. Është e qartë se Kadareja lë një boshllëk të madh. Por fakti, që letërsia shqipe është tani në gjendje jo fort të mirë, nuk ka të bëjë me Kadarenë. Ka arsye të tjera, të shmangshme dhe të pashmangshme. Përmirësime mund të arrihen, nëse shkrimtarët nuk e kthejnë kokën vetëm nga e kaluara, por fillojnë të merren seriozisht me realitetet e sotme, ashtu siç bënte Kadareja në kohën e tij.
Joachim Röhm, born in 1947 in Stuttgart, is the most important translator of Ismail Kadare's works into German. Röhm has been awarded the Jane Scatcherd Award (Heinrich Maria Ledig-Rowohlt Foundation) and the Jusuf Vrioni Award for Translators (Republic of Albania). DW
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