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Why Turkey has become a paradise for mafia gangs, including from Albania
Liberal laws on money laundering, easy acquisition of citizenship, or insufficient investigations have turned Turkey into an attractive country for international criminality, among them criminal groups from Albania and the Balkans.
"My dear nation, we have arrested three wanted high-ranking gangsters in Alanya and Istanbul today," Turkish Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya declared on social media this week. "No matter how powerful these gangs are, no matter what arrest warrants they ask for, we will take their souls," said the Turkish Interior Minister with a fighting spirit.
Since he took office in June, not a day goes by without the arrest of a dangerous criminal. Among those arrested are those who deal with the drug trade, who give money with huge interest, traffickers of human beings, fraudsters and thieves, but also important heads of international gangs that have taken root in Turkey in recent years.
That's what happened in the last few days. Interior Minister Yerlikaya wrote on X, ex-twitter, that they have arrested Thomas Josef K., the boss of a large Polish drug network, Daniel Alexander M., who is wanted in Germany after being linked to a several-ton load of cocaine captured and P. Jin-king, the head of a Chinese fraud ring. Only last week the minister announced the arrest of the heads of three Belgian-British, Vietnamese and Arab gangs.
A month ago, it was said that the Turkish police managed to arrest all the leaders of the "Comanchero" gang, a gang active all over the world. Among those arrested are several criminals from Australia and New Zealand, who are wanted by international arrest warrant from Interpol. Yerlikaya also posted videos shot during the arrests.
Why in Turkey?
Signals indicating that international gangs have established themselves in Turkey have been frequent for a long time. Assassinations and shootings have not been few, but there have also been many reports by investigative journalists. But before Yerlikaya took office, there were almost no serious investigations and arrest warrants issued against these groups. Because the previous Minister of the Interior, Süleyman Soylu, had ties to the mafia himself.
Në kohën kur ministër ka qenë Soylu, u liruan nga burgu rejtues mafiozë të botës turke të krimit. Kështu Turqia u kthye në vend të preferuar për kriminelët ndërkombëtarë, sidomos ata nga Serbia, Shqipëria, Azerbajxhani, Rusia dhe Mali i Zi. Ata kanë sjellë me vete edhe konfliktet e tyre, gjë që e tregon rasti i Jovan Vukotic-it, një bosi droge nga klani Skaljari i Ballkanit. Më 8 shtator 2022, Vukotic u vra në Stamboll. Siç kanë bërë të ditur hetimet, ai mendohet të jetë vrarë nga një grup mafioz vendas, për të marrë shpërblimin prej 1,5 milionë eurosh që ishte vënë për vrasjen e tij. Porosia për vrasje është dhënë nga klani rival, klani Kavac.
Kavac dhe Skaljari, dy klane droge nga qyteti port malazez i Kotorit, kanë rreth dhjetë vjet që bëjnë luftë të vërtetë nëpër Europë. Nga konflikti i përgjakshëm i tyre, janë vrarë 50 vetë në disa vende të ndryshme. Pyetur nga Deutsche Welle në vitin 2022, Zyra Federale gjermane e Kriminalistikës, BKA pati bërë të ditur se prej disa kohësh Turqia është kthyer në vend të preferuar edhe për grupimet kriminele nga Ballkani Perëndimor.
Kontrollet e autoriteteve turke kanë treguar se si këto grupe ushtrojnë aktivitetet e tyre nga Spanja në Turqi. Fotografitë dhe dokumentet e konfiskuara tregojnë për rrëmbime, tortura dhe vrasje.
Ligje liberale dhe pasaportat e arta
Për ekspertët ka arsye të mjaftueshme pse për shumë kriminelë Turqia është kthyer vitet e fundit në atdheun e dytë. Së pari, ligjet kundër pastrimit të parave janë liberale. Së dyti, qeveria jep çdo vit amnesti për kriminelët ekonomikë. Së treti, për shumë vende ekziston mundësia e udhëtimit pa vizë. Dhe së katërti, të pasurit mund të marrin pa humbur kohë nënshtetësinë turke.
Kush investon 500 mijë dollarë në Turqi, ose i bllokon këto para për tre vjet në një llogari bankare, ose kush blen pasuri të patundshme me vlerë prej 400 mijë dollarësh, mund të kërkojë nënshtetësinë turke. Sipas Kristin Surak-ut, nga London School of Economics and Political Science, që ka shkruar një libër të ri për të ashtuquajturat “Pasaporta të arta”, në gjithë botën marrin me anë të kësaj mënyre çdo vit nënshtetësinë e një vendi tjetër rreth 50 mijë vetë. Dhe gati gjysma e këtyre “pasaportave të arta” jepen nga Turqia.
Edhe drejtues bandash ndërkombëtare mund të marrin nënshtetësinë turke, nëse plotësojnë kushte e zakonshme dhe nëse kundër tyre nuk është lëshuar ndonjë urdhër-arrest nga Interpoli, deri në momentin e marrjes së nënshtetësisë.
Furkan Sezer, ish-shef i sektorit të kriminalitetit ekonomik në policinë e Stambollit, ka vite që e vëzhgon këtë skenë. Sipas tij, shumë kriminelë marrin një herë nënshtetësinë, vendosen në vend dhe më pas sjellin edhe pasurinë me vete. Falë amnestisë së përvitshme, kjo gjë është thjeshtuar shumë. Kjo gjë i krijon mundësinë njerëzve ose personave juridikë, që të deklarojnë tek autoritetet financiare, pasurinë e paregjistruar që sjellin nga jashtë ose brenda vendit, dhe ta bëjnë këtë pjesërisht edhe duke mos paguar taksa.
Turkey is a favorite place for international criminals, especially those from Serbia, Albania, Azerbaijan, Russia and Montenegro
In this way, a lot of money, the origin of which is unknown, is put into circulation in the legal financial network. Ozan Bingöl, tax expert, criticizes this practice. "Usually criminals pay 15 to 20 percent of the value to launder money," he says. And the Turkish government offers them tax-free legalization. This opens doors and windows for criminals, he thinks. Bingöl complains that the authorities do not have the power to fight money laundering. "If someone suddenly comes today with a million dollars, the authorities are not allowed to ask where this money comes from," he says. One of the first things the current AKP government did when it took power in 2002 was to implement this law, says Bingöl.
Even for investments in digital crypto-currencies there is a great lack of laws, which according to Bingöl entices international gangs to settle in Turkey. In his opinion, these investments should be adjusted as soon as possible.
Turkey part of the gray list
The International Institute for the Fight against Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, FAFT (Financial Action Task Force), has concluded that Ankara should fight money laundering more severely. Two years ago, FAFT put Turkey on the so-called gray list. Since then, Turkey has been under careful observation. When the next inspection deadline comes, next June, Ankara hopes to get off the gray list because its economy is already so tired.
Through the unconventional policy of interest rates, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has plunged the country into a deep crisis. The Turkish lira has been losing value for years and inflation is increasing daily. Recently, the inflation rate was 61 percent. Erdogan's mix with money politics and justice has also scared foreign investors.
But the country needs them. The new finance minister, Mehmet Simsek, who took over finance after the May elections, is trying to lure international donors to Turkey. He is often present on international platforms and tries to promote the introduction of fresh money to Turkey and the increase of confidence in Turkey. But to ensure this, they must do all their homework. Not only the Minister of Finance, but also the Minister of the Interior, fighting organized crime./DW
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