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The European Union is presenting itself as a safe haven for academics facing funding cuts in the US, while seeking to attract the best talent with expanded grants and research freedom.
After US President Donald Trump freezes billions of dollars in funding for major universities until they accept a list of demands, the European Union (EU) sees an opportunity to attract the best minds and academics.
The European Commission and several European universities have announced a series of programs aimed at offering academic freedom to American researchers if they relocate to Europe, particularly those targeted by the Trump administration in the fields of immunology and infectious diseases, climate change, and social sciences related to gender, diversity, and migration studies.
European academics have said that, as their counterparts in the US face political interference and job losses, they were forced to act and offer whatever help they could.
European universities open doors to American scholars
"It's scandalous and unjustified," Maria Leptin, president of the European Research Council (ERC), the EU's public research agency for science and technology, told DW by phone. "I have many friends and colleagues in the US and it's shocking to see what's happening there."
Jan Danckaert, rector of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), described this as "painful".
"Researchers should be protected as much as possible from political influence. But in the US, we see exactly the opposite. The government intervenes for political reasons," Danckaert told DW.
The VUB has allocated funds and created a contact point to inform prominent academics who wish to relocate to Brussels, especially "excellent researchers currently working in the US whose research is at risk."
“We thought it would be good to advertise specifically in the US,” he said, “because American researchers are seeing a significant decrease in funding and might be interested in continuing their research with us in Brussels.” VUB has already received dozens of requests from American researchers.
Aix Marseille University (AMU) in France has launched the "Safe Space for Science" program, seeking to recruit up to 15 American scientists who may feel threatened or hindered in their research and wish to continue their work in an environment conducive to innovation, excellence, and academic freedom.
"Ne besojmë se mund të mbledhim deri në 15 milionë euro për një program trevjeçar dhe do të punojmë me institucionet lokale për të pritur afërsisht 15 studiues", thuhet në një deklaratë nga Eric Berton, President i Universitetit Aix-Marseille, në faqen e internetit të institucionit.
BE premton viza më të lehta dhe më shumë fonde për shpërngulje
Ekaterina Zaharieva, Komisionerja Evropiane për Bizneset e Reja, Kërkimin dhe Inovacionin, tha se BE po ndiqte nga afër zhvillimet e fundit përtej Atlantikut dhe ishte e gatshme të ndihmonte.
«Evropa ju sheh», tha ajo, duke i siguruar kolegët amerikanë, ndërkohë që e paraqiti Evropën si një vend tërheqës për të ndjekur kërkimin e tyre.
Në një letër të nënshkruar nga dymbëdhjetë qeveri evropiane - Gjermania, Franca, Republika Çeke, Austria, Sllovakia, Greqia dhe dy shtete baltike - shtetet anëtare i bëjnë thirrje Komisionit të marrë masa konkrete për të tërhequr studiues amerikanë.
Në përgjigje, BE ka thënë se po punon për një strategji të re për vizat, e cila do të zbulohet më vonë këtë vit, dhe ka nisur një projekt të ri për të ofruar përfitime më të mëdha dhe periudha më të gjata rekrutimi për studiuesit e nivelit të lartë që zhvendosen në Evropë.
Në të njëjtën kohë, BE ka vendosur të dyfishojë grantet e dhëna shkencëtarëve dhe akademikëve të përzgjedhur nga ERC, i cili vlerëson aplikimet nga e gjithë bota. Rritja e kostove të shpërnguljes vjen në një kohë kur studiuesit amerikanë po përballen me një betejë me qeverinë e tyre.
Zaharieva deklaroi se ERC aktualisht ofron një ndihmë prej 1 milion eurosh për shpërnguljen, por BE do ta rrisë këtë shumë në 2 milion euro këtë vit. Kjo do ta rrisë grantin fillestar total në 3.5 milionë euro dhe grantin paraprak në 4.5 milionë euro për secilin bursist gjatë një periudhe pesëvjeçare, duke u lejuar atyre të krijojnë një ekip kërkimor nëse është e nevojshme. Të gjithë bursistët duhet ta kenë mbajtur titullin e doktoraturës prej të paktën dy vjetësh.
Presidentja e ERC-së, Maria Leptin, i tha DW-së se financimi shtesë për studiuesit që shpërngulen nga jashtë Evropës, i cili tani do të rritet, ndihmon në mbulimin e "kostove të pazakonta", siç është "zhvendosja e një laboratori ose ekipi kërkimor në Evropë ose blerja e pajisjeve të shtrenjta" të nevojshme për një projekt kërkimor. Por ajo shton se ndihma nuk është "dhuratë", përkundrazi bazohet në meritë.
Për më tepër, BE ka vendosur të fiksojë lirinë e kërkimit shkencor në ligjin e BE për të rritur tërheqjen ndaj akademikëve dhe për t'u ofruar atyre sigurinë që u nevojitet për të zhvendosur jetën e tyre jashtë vendit.
A është e vonuar Evropa?
Disa qeveri evropiane kanë paraqitur planet e tyre. Sipas raportimeve të medias, qeveria holandeze planifikon të investojë miliona për të tërhequr shkencëtarë, veçanërisht nga SHBA. Presidenti katalanas Salvador Illa shpalli Urën e Talenteve Katalane, një program prej 30 milionë eurosh që do të financojë më shumë se 70 studiues amerikanë.
The city of Berlin has set up a special fund to attract American researchers, and several prominent German academics, including Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, a German economist, and Moritz Schularick, a professor of macroeconomics at the University of Bonn, have called on the government to do the same.
Other Europeans argue that, while recent efforts are a good start, the EU has been slow to establish itself as a top destination for top researchers.
"I'm surprised that Europe has to wait until the situation in the US becomes deplorable before saying now that we have to make it attractive for academics," Leptin said. "Europe has to make itself attractive regardless of what happens."/DW
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