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DASH report on human trafficking: Albania did not convict any trafficker for the second year in a row
The US State Department released its annual report on human trafficking around the world. During its release, Secretary of State Anthony Blinken said the document provides the most comprehensive assessment of the phenomenon and governments' efforts to combat it.
He added that by measuring the progress made in 188 countries - including the United States - Washington aims to implement President Biden's commitment to prevent trafficking, prosecute the perpetrators of this crime, and protect its victims. Secretary Blinken said that approximately 27 million individuals worldwide are exploited for work, services and commercial sex. Through force, trickery and coercion, they are forced to work in fields and factories, in restaurants and tenements. The victims are the most vulnerable individuals in the world - taking advantage of their plight.
The report divides countries into three levels. The first level includes countries whose governments fully respect the minimum standards. The second level includes those countries whose efforts do not fully meet the minimum standards, but whose governments make significant efforts to achieve this. The third level includes countries whose efforts do not fully meet the minimum standards and whose governments do not make efforts in this direction. Both Albania and Kosovo are ranked this year, just like last year, in the category of second level countries.
The situation in Albania
The report states that the government has seen overall increased efforts compared to a year ago. Efforts included investigating sex traffickers, identifying more potential victims in collaboration with non-governmental organizations, and providing services to more victims. But the report added that the government still failed to meet minimum standards in several key areas.
"The government investigated significantly fewer trafficking-related crimes, prosecuted fewer suspects, and did not convict any traffickers for the second year in a row," the report said.
It is also stated that the police and district prosecutors do not have the necessary experience and specialization to investigate and prosecute trafficking cases and that the suspected perpetrators are convicted of lesser crimes, such as "exploitation of prostitution", instead of trafficking. The report states that the government has not consistently controlled that part of the community that could potentially be a victim of trafficking, such as immigrants, asylum seekers, Roma and Egyptian communities, as well as children.
Criminal investigation
Në raport thuhet se një pjesë e përpjekjeve të qeverisë për të luftuar trafikimin kanë shënuar rënie. Kodi penal parashikonin dënime nga tetë deri në 15 vjet burg për veprën penale të trafikimi që përfshin një viktimë të rritur dhe 10 deri në 20 vjet, kur viktima është fëmijë. Në raport thuhet se Policia e Shtetit hetoi 26 raste, krahasuar me 85 raste në vitin 2022.
Zyra e prokurorit të përgjithshëm ndoqi penalisht tetë raste të reja (shtatë për trafikim seksual dhe një për një formë të papërcaktuar trafikimi), krahasuar me 17 raste të reja në 2022. Po kështu vijoi të ndiqte penalisht 42 raste të nisura në vitet e mëparshme. Më vete, Struktura e Prokurorisë së Posaçme kundër Korrupsionit dhe Krimit të Organizuar (SPAK) nisi një hetim të ri (dy në vitin 2022) dhe vazhdoi ndjekjen penale të dy rasteve të nisura në periudhat e raportuara.
Por në raport konstatohet se gjykatat nuk dënuan asnjë trafikant për të dytin vit radhazi, krahasuar me 11 dënime në 2021. Në vitet e kaluara, gjyqtarët dënuan disa trafikantë me dënime të buta, të tilla si dënimi me kusht, që reduktoi përpjekjet për t'i mbajtur trafikantët përgjegjës, dobësoi mekanizmat parandalues dhe krijoi shqetësime lidhur me sigurinë tek viktimat.
Në raport thuhet se qeveria nuk njoftoi ndonjë hetim të ri, ndjekje penale, apo dënim të punonjësve të qeverisë bashkëpunëtorë në krimet e trafikimit të qenieve njerëzore, duke shtuar se korrupsioni dhe bashkëpunimi i zyrtarëve, në krimet e trafikimit vazhdon të jetë shqetësim.
Raporti rekomandon hetimin dhe ndjekjen penale me forcë të krimeve të trafikimit si dhe dënimin e trafikantëve – duke përfshirë zyrtarët bashkëpunëtorë. Po kështu kërkohen dënime të konsiderueshme me burgim për autorët dhe trajnim i gjyqtarëve në të gjitha nivelet për të marrë parasysh ashpërsinë e trafikimit gjatë dhënies së dënimeve. Po kështu kërkohet që të ketë policisë dhe prokurorëve të specializuar për të hetuar dhe ndjekur penalisht këto vepra penale.
Profili
Siç është raportuar gjatë pesë viteve të fundit, trafikantët e qenieve njerëzore shfrytëzojnë viktima vendase dhe të huaja në Shqipëri si dhe jashtë vendit. Trafikantët shfrytëzojnë për seks e punë të detyruar gratë dhe fëmijët shqiptarë veçanërisht gjatë sezonit turistik. Ata përdorin premtime të rreme, si oferta për martesë ose punësim, për të joshur viktimat e tyre.
Trafikantët zakonisht i detyrojnë fëmijët të lypin, ose të kryejnë lloje të tjera të punës së detyruar dhe gjithashtu i detyrojnë fëmijët të kryejnë vepra penale, përfshirë vjedhjen dhe shpërndarjen e narkotikëve. Trafikantët shfrytëzojnë fëmijët shqiptarë, kryesisht nga komuniteti rom dhe egjiptian, për punë sezonale dhe lypje të detyruar. Organizata joqeveritare kanë njoftuar se trafikantët i detyrojnë fëmijët të shesin lëndë narkotike kryesisht në shkolla. Trafikantët shfrytëzojnë viktimat shqiptare për qëllime seksuale në të gjithë Evropën, veçanërisht në Belgjikë, Greqi, Serbi, Mal të Zi, Kosovë dhe Francë.
Kosova
The report states that the government demonstrated overall increased efforts compared to the previous period. They included punishing all traffickers with imprisonment, where appropriate, and not imposing any punishment other than a fine. The report states that the government increased overall prevention efforts, including increasing funding for awareness campaigns and the distribution of child trafficking prevention manuals. But the report found that, nevertheless, the government did not meet minimum standards in several key areas.
“The government investigated and prosecuted fewer suspects and identified fewer victims. "Although the judges handed down stronger sentences, the sentences were still below the minimum sentence provided by the anti-trafficking law," the report continues.
The report notes with concern the fact that the penal code of Kosovo classifies the forced begging of children by their parents as neglect, or parental abuse and not trafficking, making it difficult to identify this offense as well as refer potential victims to the appropriate services .
RECOMMENDATIONS
The report recommends vigorous investigation and prosecution of trafficking crimes and appropriate punishment for traffickers, including officials who cooperate with them. It is also required to proactively identify victims of trafficking by checking indicators of trafficking among the vulnerable population, including individuals involved in commercial sex; children; Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities.
The report suggests providing advanced training for judges, prosecutors and law enforcement on the investigation and prosecution of trafficking cases. It is also required to strengthen the measures to protect the privacy of the victim so that their information is not distributed. Furthermore, the report suggests increasing government support for comprehensive vocational training services as well as the reintegration of victims./VOA
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