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Free and fair? Albania's elections reflect a worrying global trend
In a world where interest-driven foreign policies take precedence over democratic standards, the abuses documented during Albania's parliamentary elections are unlikely to face much criticism - allowing the ruling Socialist Party to consolidate power.
Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama's Socialist Party has secured a landslide election victory once again, with promises to lead Albania towards membership in the European Union within the next four years.
But the outcome of last Sunday’s election seemed sealed long before the ballots were cast. The Socialists relied on a well-oiled patronage machine. With some 185,000 civil servants in Albania’s public sector, the implicit message was unmistakable: support the party or risk your job.
In an attempt to regain political influence, the center-right opposition Democratic Party, led by Sali Berisha, attempted to imitate the aggressive political strategy of US President Donald Trump's MAGA movement.
The party even brought in Chris LeCivita, a key architect of MAGA’s communications tactics. The decision was more than symbolic. Berisha seemed to be betting that embracing Trump-style politics could pave the way for a political comeback and potentially convince Washington to lift sanctions against him and his family.
However, this strategic gamble appears to have misjudged both the entrenched power of Prime Minister Rama and the Socialist Party, as well as the broader geopolitical landscape. The United States has long pursued a pragmatic, interest-oriented foreign policy, prioritizing engagement with a strong, centralized leadership over ideological compliance – and Rama has kept his promises. Against this backdrop, Berisha’s gamble appears to have backfired, leaving both the message and the messenger to fail.
On the other hand, smaller independent parties faced a herculean task of organizing a meaningful campaign. In an environment increasingly hostile to dissent, their supporters were often reluctant to show public allegiance, fearing professional or social repercussions – especially in smaller towns and rural areas where political affiliations are more visible and the control of the ruling party is stronger.
Qasja në media përbënte një tjetër pengesë e madhe; me pjesën më të madhe të rrjeteve televizive dhe mediave të shtypura, qoftë shtetërore, ose të kontrolluara fort nga interesat e biznesit pro-qeveritar, partitë e pavarura luftonin për të marrë kohë transmetimi ose mbulim nga shtypi. Kur ata ia dolën të arrinin te publiku, mesazhet e tyre shpesh mbyteshin nga saturimi mediatik dhe makineria e rafinuar e propagandës së partisë në pushtet.
Kandidatët e tyre u përballën gjithashtu me pengesa burokratike, nga rregullat kufizuese mbi regjistrimin dhe aksesin në fletëvotime deri te procedurat e errëta që favorizonin në mënyrë disproporcionale partitë më të mëdha dhe të konsoliduara. Në raste të shumta, monitoruesit e zgjedhjeve vunë re raste ku përfaqësuesit e partive të pavarura u ngacmuan ose u kanosën, duke dekurajuar më tej pjesëmarrjen qytetare dhe duke përforcuar perceptimin se sfidimi i status quo-së ishte i kotë.
Si rezultat, këto forca më të vogla politike, të cilat mund të kishin futur ide të reja në arenën politike të ndenjur të Shqipërisë, u lanë kryesisht mënjanë – u bënë të padukshme nga një sistem i projektuar për të forcuar dominimin e elitës sunduese.
Regresi demokratik
Zgjedhjet nxorën në pah shqetësimet në rritje mbi regresin demokratik nën qeverinë e Ramës. Sipas Misionit Ndërkombëtar të Vëzhgimit të Zgjedhjeve të OSBE-së, keqpërdorimi i burimeve publike dhe presioni administrativ gjatë procesit zgjedhor ishin të përhapura.
Qeveria e Ramës është akuzuar gjerësisht për korrupsion, për shtypje të lirive të medias dhe për zgjerimin e administratës publike me 25,000 vende të reja pune – të parë si përforcues i sistemit të patronazhit – ndërsa vendi vazhdon të përballet me një krizë masive emigrimi. Që nga rënia e komunizmit në vitin 1990, popullsia e Shqipërisë është ulur me 15 për qind në 2.4 milionë, pjesërisht për shkak të emigrimit.
Raporti i vëzhguesve vuri në dukje shtrëngimin sistematik të punonjësve të sektorit publik, mbulimin e anshëm të medias së kontrolluar nga shteti dhe një mungesë të vazhdueshme të vullnetit politik për të miratuar reformat zgjedhore të vonuara prej kohësh. Vetë fushata u përshkrua si thellësisht e polarizuar dhe e dëmtuar nga përpjekjet për të manipuluar votuesit përmes kanosjes dhe blerjes së votave. Vëzhguesit raportuan gjithashtu raste të shpeshta të votimit në grup dhe familjar, shkelje të rënda procedurale dhe ndërhyrje nga eksponentë të partisë.
Pavarësia e medias u komprometua rëndë nga financimi jotransparent, pronësia e përqendruar dhe ndërhyrja politike në vendimet editoriale. Në përgjithësi, përdorimi i burimeve shtetërore nga partia në pushtet dhe taktikat shtrënguese i dhanë asaj një avantazh të padrejtë, duke hedhur dyshime mbi integritetin dhe drejtësinë e zgjedhjeve.
In today's increasingly illiberal environment, many of these undemocratic strategies have become more the norm than the exception, reflecting a broader regional and global trend in which democratic institutions are hollowed out from within.
What once would have provoked international condemnation is now viewed with muted concern, as strategic alliances, migration containment, the construction of immigration detention centers, and regional stability often take precedence over democratic values. In this context, Albania’s decline is not an exception, but part of a broader erosion of liberal democratic norms – where procedural elections persist, but the spirit of democracy steadily fades.
Consolidation of power
Rama and his government have effectively built a one-party system of government, consolidating power through a mix of institutional control, systemic patronage, and the suppression of dissent. The opposition has not been neutralized by force, but by a calculated erosion of democratic competition, leaving Albania with the image of electoral democracy but with few of its essential guarantees.
Meanwhile, endemic poverty persists, corruption remains deeply entrenched in both the public and private sectors, and an accelerating exodus of citizens – particularly young and educated Albanians – reflects a widespread disillusionment with the country’s trajectory.
Yet, despite this bleak domestic landscape, Rama continues to cloak his rule with the rhetoric of European integration, hoping that the promise of eventual EU accession will mask the erosion of democratic standards in the country.
The irony is grim: as Albanians continue to leave the country in search of the freedoms and opportunities that the EU represents, their government consolidates a regime increasingly distant from the union's fundamental values.
Yet, in the delicate balance of regional geopolitics, European leaders have shown little appetite to challenge Rama’s slide toward illiberalism. The hope, however faint, is that one day Albania will not only join the EU in name, but will embody the democratic spirit it once aspired to. /BIRN/
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