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The Original Question
"What is this information through portals that the state bank has lost? Can the central bank that waits for its own money come out with a loss? ??”
Answer:
Dear reader. Your question is really sensitive for the public and it goes to the issues that we as experts insist should be handled by people who have not only the professionalism but also the ability to explain it simply in public.
As far as we know this is just a hint and there is no truth to it. This allusion was made in the media by people without an economic/financial background, perhaps without malice, but who, with all due respect, do not know the process of assessing the assets that a financial institution manages. However, technically and legally the financial position (loss/profit) of any public or private entity is analyzed in detail only by referring to the audited financial statements.
However, in this answer, we will try to explain the phenomenon of asset valuation in a simple way, so that you understand when it is considered a loss/profit or not.
Due to large inflows of money but also some institutional obligations to maintain certain levels of asset liquidity, most financial institutions (including a central bank) invest a part of free funds in financial instruments (financial assets ) creating what we call investment portfolios. Like any other commodity or asset, financial assets also have a price, which for various reasons in the economy, can decrease and increase in different periods. Due to reporting obligations, these institutions occasionally need to calculate the value of the portfolio updated with today's prices.
To return to the case misinterpreted in the media and portals. As far as public information is available (this answer explains the phenomenon and does not take sides), in this debate there is talk of a decrease in the value of the assets that are in the bank's portfolio, which is due to the fall in asset prices. We do not know if this information is correct or not, but simply trying to explain the phenomenon, under these conditions this is not a loss from a legal and accounting point of view.
Është njëlloj si një familjar që ka pasur 10.000 EUR kursime që para 4 vitesh. Në atë kohë kundravlefta e tyre ishte 1.400.000 LEK, ndërsa sot është 1.100.000 leke. Kjo është humbje e vlerës së asetit, por j0 humbje nga pikëpamja kontabile dhe ligjore pasi nuk vjen për shkak të keqadministrimit të portofolit nga Administruesi (banka). Vlera e sotme e portofolit të investimeve llogaritet me cmimet aktuale qe ka aseti ne treg (llogaritje periodike për shkak të kontabilitetit).
Humbje në kuptimin financiar dhe kontabilist të fjalës është ajo që ne e quajmë "të realizuar", pra kur aseti është blerë me 1.400.000 LEK dhe është shitur me 1.100.000 LEK. Humbja e realizuar në një rast të tillë është 300.000 LEK. Nëse aseti nuk është shitur endè (pra është në portofol dhe figuron në librat kontabël) ai është thjesht një aset qe i ka rëne vlera momentale e tregut me cmimet e sotme (sic mund t’i rritet me cmimet e nesërme). Humbje e vlerës së aseteve ka ndodhur për cdo portofol në rruzullin tokësor (pothaujse) që nga koha e COVID e më pas edhe për shkak të krizës financiare që solli në ekonominë globale lufta në Ukrahinë.
E njejta llogjike ndodh me “fitimin e realizuar” (e kundërta e fenomenit të humbjes). Nëse një aset fiton vlerë, fjala bie një shtëpi që është blerë 100.000 EUR para disa vitesh dhe sot e ka vlerën 160.000 (po të shitet sot), tregon qe thjeshte aseti ka fituar vlerë (pasuria juaj ka fituar vlerë).
Por nëse ju nuk e keni shitur asetin (shtepinë) ju nuk keni realizuar fitim, ndaj nuk paguani tatim mbi fitimin (të ardhurat neto) të krijuara. Detyrimi tatimor lind vetem pasi fitimi realizohet, pra shtëpia shitet. Vetëm në këtë rast ju paguani tatim 15% mbi vlerën e shtuar prej 60.000 EUR.
Pra ka ndryshim mes rritjes se vlerës së një aseti dhe fitimit të realizuar apo anasjelltas.
U përgjigj Artan Gjergji-Lexo biografinë
Keni një pyetje për ekspertët tanë? Dërgojeni duke klikuar këtu!
*.*.*
Disclaimer
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