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The European Union is one step away from approving the latest package of sanctions against Moscow, the 18th in a row since the start of Russia's war in Ukraine three years ago.
However, two points remain to be negotiated. The first is the setting of a price ceiling on Russian oil. It is still included in the draft proposals seen by Radio Free Europe, but it remains to be seen whether it will be included in the final draft.
And second, the Slovak veto on a sanctions-related issue, although it is not directly part of the package.
When the European Commission presented the package to EU member states in early June, the main point was the reduction of the ceiling price, from the current figure of 60 US dollars per barrel, to 45 dollars.
Since this policy belongs to the group of seven most industrialized countries (G7), the EU has attempted to secure support from the G7 countries, especially the United States, at a summit held last month in Canada, but has failed to get the American vote, especially after the increase in oil prices, as a result of Israeli and American attacks against Iran.
However, Brussels decided to move forward with the initiative, especially given the fact that the price ceiling on Russian oil was initially an opportunity for the EU to impose a ban on Russian oil transportation services.
In recent discussions in Brussels, several European officials said on condition of anonymity that Cyprus, Greece and Malta – all countries with significant maritime services – are against lowering the ceiling price.
However, there are some voices saying that these countries may soften their stances, especially since the United Kingdom, another country with numerous maritime services, is in line with Brussels for price reductions.
Diplomats believe the United States will join Brussels and London if they both fully agree on the points of the deal. The biggest challenge is Malta, although some hope Valletta can even agree if the ceiling price does not fall below $45 per barrel.
Then comes the Slovak veto. Bratislava has set conditions for the vote on more sanctions, demanding that a European Commission proposal to end Russian energy imports into the European bloc by the end of 2027 be reconsidered.
The proposal, made public in May, is called “Reinforce the EU” and has sparked concern in Slovakia and Hungary, with the latter seemingly tacitly supporting its northern neighbor.
And it's easy to see why. Since 2022, the European Union has restricted the purchase of Russian energy through sanctions, such as banning most oil and coal imports.
Mirëpo, sanksionet kërkojnë unanimitet të 27 vendeve anëtare. Hungaria dhe Sllovakia e kanë përdorur disa herë veton në vitet e fundit, kur Brukseli ka prezantuar propozime më të ashpra që do ta shënjestronin sektorin rus të energjisë.
Prandaj Komisioni Evropian është duke tentuar që përmes nismës “Rifuqizojeni BE-në” të rregullojë tregun e brendshëm të BE-së me një mori masash, shumica e të cilave mund të miratohen me shumicë të kualifikuar prej 55 për qind të vendeve anëtare që përfaqësojnë 65 për qind të popullsisë së gjithë BE-së.
Me fjalë tjera, kështu i shmangen edhe Bratisllavës, edhe Budapestit.
Propozimi kryesor do të jetë një kërkesë ligjore për të vendosur ndalesë në të gjitha kontrata e reja për gazin rus si dhe në kontratat afatshkurtra për gazin e lëngshëm natyror për të paktën deri në fund të vitit.
Për kontratat afatgjata, rregulloret do të sugjerojnë periudhë të shkëputjes graduale deri në fund të vitit 2027.
Importet e gazit rus në BE kanë rënë nga 45 për qind më 2021 në 19 për qind më 2024 dhe pritet të ulen në 13 për qind më 2025, me bllokimin e transitit ukrainas në fillim të këtij viti.
Megjithatë, BE-ja është turpëruar që importet e gazit të lëngshëm natyror janë rritur për 12 për qind vitin e kaluar, në krahasim me vitin 2023.
Në importet e naftës, situata është më pak dramatike, mirëpo shumë specifike në aspektin gjeografik dhe e ndjeshme në atë politik.
Importet e naftës ruse përbëjnë vetëm 3 për qind të të gjithë naftës së importuar në BE, në krahasim me 27 për qind më 2022, kryesisht për shkak të sanksioneve.
Megjithatë, duhet përmendur se disa vende të Evropës Qendrore kanë pasur përjashtim nga një pjesë e sanksioneve. Ndonëse Çekia e ka ndalur importin prej këtij burimi, Hungaria dhe Sllovakia ende e importojnë 80 për qind të naftës së tyre totale prej Rusisë.
Komisioni Evropian do të kërkojë dhënien fund të importeve të naftës ruse deri në fund të 2027 dhe palët duhet të ofrojnë një strategji se si planifikojnë ta arrijnë këtë synim.
Kryeministri sllovak, Robert Fico ka sinjalizuar në samitin e BE-së, të mbajtur në Bruksel më 26 qershor, se ai nuk do të japë dritën e gjelbër për paketën e sanksioneve, dhe që i duhen më shumë sqarime për nismën “Rifuqizojeni BE-në”.
Sipas diplomatëve të afërt me këto zhvillime, Bratisllava nuk është duke kërkuar shumë përjashtime, por më tepër siguri ligjore lidhur me kontratat e ardhshme me Gazpromin.
Javën e kaluar, zyrtarë të Komisionit Evropian e kanë vizituar Bratislavën për t’u takuar me zyrtarë sllovakë dhe përfaqësues të kompanive të energjisë.
Ndonëse sipas diplomatëve të BE-së, takimet kanë shkuar “mirë”, duket se Ficoja nuk është krejtësisht i bindur.
Ambasadorët e BE-së, të takuar në Bruksel më 4 korrik, për t’i diskutuar sanksionet kanë mësuar se dokumenti nuk është komplet gati për miratim.
Në komunikatën për shtyp të lëshuar nga Ministria sllovake e Ekonomisë, pas vizitës së zyrtarëve të Komisionit Evropian, është sinjalizuar nevoja për më shumë diskutime në ditët në vijim.
Minister Denisa Sakova said that "the meeting in Bratislava is an important step towards finding a solution, taking into account the specific factors of each member state when it comes to diversifying sources and guaranteeing affordable energy prices for Slovak industry, which is facing increasing costs."
In the end, it was said that Slovakia is ready to continue "the constructive approach to the proposed measures and will continue discussions with experts, with the involvement of all interested parties."/ REL
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