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A Plan B without the US?/ Analysis: How Europe would like Russia's war with Ukraine to end
Europe is watching Washington with concern as the US warns of a “critical week” for Ukraine. The documents released reveal that the United States and Europe disagree on how to end the war.
Russian President Vladimir Putin's unilateral announcement of a three-day pause in the war against Ukraine, coinciding with the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II, was not met with applause in Brussels.
"Russia can stop the killings and bombings at any time. Therefore, there is no need to wait until May 8," EU foreign affairs spokeswoman Anitta Hipper told reporters on Tuesday.
Critics say the Kremlin, citing "humanitarian reasons" for its latest ceasefire promise, is simply trying to curry favor with Washington after US President Donald Trump expressed frustration with Russia's continued attacks on Ukraine.
Trump's criticism of Moscow marked a change in tone from the US president's previous verbal criticism of his Ukrainian counterpart.
Russia's ceasefire announcement also came after the weekend's scenes of European leaders meeting with the Ukrainian president and a meeting between Zelensky and Trump at the Vatican.
While US Secretary of State Marco Rubio called this week "critical", the United States says it is now considering whether to completely abandon peace mediation efforts, which, about 100 days after Trump took office, remain fruitless.
Trump and Zelensky met in Rome, where both leaders were invited to attend the funeral of Pope Francis.
A tale of two peace plans
As world leaders prepared to travel to Rome for Pope Francis' funeral, the Reuters news agency published two pieces of information: a ceasefire plan reportedly proposed by the United States after talks with Moscow and Kiev, and a counterplan drawn up by European and Ukrainian officials.
Rival texts show that the United States and Europe disagree on the terms for ending the conflict.
While the US-drafted document reportedly envisages full recognition of Crimea and de facto recognition of several other Ukrainian regions occupied by Russia, the European text simply states that “territorial issues” should be “resolved after a complete and unconditional ceasefire.”
The European-Ukrainian plan also asserts that Ukraine's military should not be limited and calls for a strong US-backed security guarantee, similar to NATO's Article 5, which states that an attack on one member of the military alliance is an attack on all.
Nga ana e tij, dokumenti amerikan i parë nga Reuters thotë se Ukraina “nuk do të kërkojë anëtarësim në NATO” dhe thotë vetëm se Ukraina do të marrë një “garanci të fortë sigurie”.
Sipas planit të tyre, Shtetet e Bashkuara do të hiqnin sanksionet ndaj Rusisë, ndërsa teksti evropian thotë se sanksionet e SHBA-së duhet të lehtësohen vetëm “gradualisht, pasi të jetë arritur paqja e qëndrueshme”.
Mbretëria e Bashkuar dhe Franca kanë udhëhequr përpjekjet për të përcaktuar detajet se si forcat evropiane mund të pengojnë sulmet e ardhshme ruse në Ukrainë, pasi Shtetet e Bashkuara përjashtuan përfshirjen e trupave të tyre.
Vijat e kuqe dhe garancitë
“Ajo që më ka bërë përshtypje ditët e fundit është se evropianët po fillojnë të shprehin mjaft qartë se çfarë duan”, tha për DW në Bruksel Camille Grand, një ish-zyrtare e NATO-s dhe tani analiste në Këshillin Evropian për Marrëdhëniet me Jashtë.
Grand vuri në dukje javë të tëra diplomacie të ethshme evropiane që kur Trump mori detyrën, me bisedime në Paris, Londër, Bruksel dhe Romë midis udhëheqësve të lartë dhe zyrtarëve ushtarakë për të përcaktuar se si shtetet evropiane, të udhëhequra nga Franca dhe Britania e Madhe, mund të kontrollojnë një marrëveshje të mundshme paqeje në Ukrainë përmes një të ashtuquajture force garantuese.
“Ata po flasin seriozisht dhe po përpiqen të adresojnë problemet e njëri-tjetrit: Çfarë ju mungon? A jeni të gatshëm të hyni në tokë? Jo, por a mund të siguroni aeroplanë? “A do të ishit të gatshëm ta bënit këtë nëse forca do të ishte e stacionuar në Poloni?” shpjegoi Grand.
“Ka pasur shumë përparim nga diçka që dukej plotësisht e shkëputur nga realiteti në diçka ku ka një ide shumë më të qartë se çfarë jemi të gatshëm të bëjmë dhe si duam ta bëjmë atë.”
Megjithatë, zyrtarët evropianë dhe amerikanë mbeten në mosmarrëveshje nëse dhe si Uashingtoni do të ofrojë një “mbrojtje” për të mbrojtur paqeruajtësit evropianë nga sulmet e mundshme ruse.
Evropa dëshiron që SHBA dhe Ukraina të vazhdojnë dialogun
Almut Möller, analist në Qendrën e Politikave Evropiane, thotë se përpjekjet e Evropës nuk kanë kaluar pa u vënë re. “Veprimi i të thënit se jemi të gatshëm të bëjmë një hap përpara, se jemi këtu për t’u angazhuar me sigurinë evropiane në një mënyrë shumë domethënëse, është sinjali më i qartë i mundshëm për SHBA se Evropa e ka kuptuar mesazhin nga përtej Atlantikut”, i tha ai DW në Bruksel.
“Por a garanton kjo një vend në tavolinë? “Jo,” shtoi ai.
Tani që Shtetet e Bashkuara po kërcënojnë të largohen krejtësisht nga tryeza e negociatave, përparësia e Evropës mund të jetë ta mbajë Uashingtonin në bord dhe të gatshëm ta dëgjojë Kievin.
“Ne jemi gjithmonë më të fortë së bashku. Ne jemi gjithmonë më të fortë me aleatët tanë”, tha Anitta Hipper e BE, kur u pyet nga DW në lidhje me mesazhin e BE për Shtëpinë e Bardhë.
"Our priority should always be supporting Ukraine, because that sends the right message to all potential aggressors, not just Russia," Hipper added, in a veiled allusion to the United States' desire to reduce military support for Europe and shift its focus toward China and the Indo-Pacific.
Despite some internal divisions, the EU has pledged to continue its support for Ukraine.
A Plan B without the US?
But if the US leaves the negotiating table, it is difficult to imagine a clear Plan B for European countries, which regularly pledge to support Ukraine “for as long as necessary,” without specifying exactly what “for as long as necessary” means.
From a financial perspective, the EU can maintain political and military support for Ukraine. According to Hipper, the bloc has so far this year pledged about 23 billion euros ($26.2 billion) in aid to Kiev.
However, given that the Ukrainian and European militaries remain heavily dependent on American logistics, satellites, and intelligence capabilities, many in Europe continue to see acting alone as the worst-case scenario.
Grand believes it would be preferable for the US to withdraw from efforts to reach a quick agreement rather than show open hostility towards Kiev, as was clearly evident in the discussion between Trump and Zelensky in the Oval Office in February.
"Compared to that situation, having a less interested and less engaged US might not be as dramatic," Grand said, adding that Europeans should try to "use the current moment to see if Trump's recent admission that Putin may be a problem, not the solution, can help find a better solution."/DW
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