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Export drama/ In 2024, the strongest decline in 3 decades was recorded, the fason towards bankruptcy
The depreciation of the euro, rising costs and the unfavorable international situation have caused exports to decline by 15.4% in 2024, according to INSTAT data.
In 2024, domestic exports recorded their biggest decline since at least 2005, when INSTAT reported the earliest data. This is the second consecutive year of negative performance, while in 2023, sales abroad had shrunk by 10%, a performance even more negative than during the pandemic period in 2020 (-9%).
The three main groups "Textiles and Footwear", "Minerals, Fuels, Energy", "Construction Materials, Metals" recorded double-digit declines, while all groups, including "Food, Beverages, Tobacco" and "Machinery, Equipment, Spare Parts", which gained momentum in recent years, were negative.
According to INSTAT, during 2024, exports of goods reached the value of 373 billion lek, decreasing by -15.4%, compared to the previous year. The groups that have negatively affected the annual decrease in exports are: “Minerals, fuels, electricity” with -5.3 percentage points, “Textiles and footwear” with -4.8 percentage points, “Construction materials and metals” with -4.1 percentage points.
The contraction deepened in December. According to INSTAT, in December 2024, exports of goods reached the value of 26 billion lek, decreasing by -31.7%, compared to the same period a year earlier. During December 2024, the decrease in exports of -31.7% was influenced by the following groups: “Construction materials and metals” with -18.9 percentage points, “Minerals, fuels, electricity” with -6.6 percentage points, “Textiles and footwear” with -4.8 percentage points, etc.
While the groups: "Food, beverages, tobacco" had a positive impact with 0.3 percentage points.
According to INSTAT, in November 2024 exports decreased by -8.5%, compared to the same period a year earlier. The trend improved compared to October, when the decrease was 15.2%. In September the contraction was 8.5%, in August the decrease was 18%, in July the contraction was 12% and in June it was 8.9%. In May, the contraction on an annual basis was 12.4%. In April 2024 exports of goods increased for the first time in many months by 1.8% on an annual basis. In March exports contracted by -21%, in February by -16.1% and in January by -29.2%.
Heading towards bankruptcy
In December, exports of textiles and footwear, the largest exporting group in the country, fell by 20%, from a 10.7% contraction in November. For the whole year, exports of textiles and footwear were 105 billion lek, a contraction of 17% on an annual basis.
Edvin Prençe kryetari i Shoqatës ProEksport Albania tha për Monitor se, “vështirësitë në sektor janë krijuar nga rënia e vazhdueshme e monedhës europiane euro që redukton të ardhurat e tyre kur konvertohen në lekë. Në kahun tjetër ai thotë se kërkesa në Europë është ulur, sidomos në muajt e dimrit rënie e kontratave ndihet më shumë.
“Vështirësitë për sektorin ishin me të forta përgjatë muajit dhjetor. Deri në mars të 2025 trendi do të vijojë të jetë i njëjtë. Rritja e kostove pamundëson shumë drejtues të fabrikave të kenë likuiditet të lartë për investime” tha ai.
Sipas shoqatës nga muaji nëntor i vitit 2023 deri në muajin nëntor 2024, në sektor llogariten mbi 10 mijë vende pune të shkurtuara dhe rreth 50 biznese që kanë mbyllur aktivitetin.
Prençe thotë se, në muajin janar 2025 rënia do të jetë edhe me e fortë, pasi disa klientë priten të mbyllin vitin që të ndërprisnin kontratën në Shqipëri. Sipas tij ky janari do të jetë më i vështiri vitit të fundit.
Minerale, lëndë djegëse rënie 25%
Eksportet në grupin “Minerale, lëndë djegëse, energji” ranë me 32% në dhjetor. Ky grup ndikohet nga ecuria e Bankers Petroleum, eksportuesi më i madh në vend dhe nga tregtimi i energjisë elektrike, që lidhet me motin. Për 12 mujorin, ky grup shënoi eksporte me vlerë gati 70 miliardë lekë, me tkurrje 25%.
Materiale ndërtimi dhe metale, mbylla e Kurum ul eksportet me 71% në dhjetor
“Materialet e ndërtimit dhe metalet” ishin grupi me rënien më të fortë në dhjetor. Ky grup ndikohet nga ecuria e Kurum, përpunuesit të çelikut, që është një nga eksportuesit më të mëdhenj në vend dhe që në gusht mbylli fabrikën për shkak të vështirësive pas rritjes së kostove.
Në nëntor, ky grup ra thellë me 71%, pas tkurrjes me 43%, në nëntor. Për 12 mujorin, sektori është me një rënie prej 22%.
Ushqime, pije e duhan me rritje të lehtë në dhjetor
“Ushqime pije e duhan”, shënuan një rritje të lehtë në dhjetor prej 2%, pas zgjerimit me gati 18% në nëntor. Për 12 mujorin, ky grup ka rënë me -4.3%.
Eksportuesit pohojnë se sasitë e eksportuara vijojnë të jenë të larta, ndërsa rënia e muajve të mëparshëm ka qenë e lidhur kryesisht me çmimet e ulëta.
Makineri, pajisje, pjesë këmbimi i rikthehen rënies
“Makineri, pajisje, pjesë këmbimi” ishin grupi tjetër që shfaqi ecuri të mirë vitet e fundit, si rrjedhojë e hyrjes së fabrikave që montonin pjesë për industrinë automotive.
Por edhe ky grup po vuan nga zhvlerësimi i euros, rritja e kostove dhe mungesa e fuqisë punëtore. Në dhjetor grupi ra me 5.9%, pasi ishte zgjeruar me 15% në nëntor.
Për 12 mujorin, grupi është tkurrur me rreth 4%. Përfaqësues të kompanive automotive që prodhojnë fasoneri të thjeshtë në vendin tonë pohojnë se ka një rënie të kërkesës apo shitjeve për shkak të situatës së përgjithshme në tregun e automobilave në Europë.
Sipas tyre kompanitë e mëdha europiane si Stellantis, Renault Group, Volkswagen kanë reflektuar rënie kërkese. Një faktor tjetër është edhe rritja e ofertës dhe konkurrencës nga makinat elektrike të markave kineze.
Declining exports and rising imports significantly deepen the trade deficit
While sales abroad have declined, purchases of imported goods have increased, significantly deepening the trade deficit.
According to INSTAT, During 2024, exports of goods reached a value of 373 billion lek, decreasing by -15.4%, compared to the previous year, while imports of goods reached a value of 894 billion lek, increasing by 2.5%, compared to the previous year. The trade deficit reached a value of 522 billion lek, increasing by 20.7%, compared to the previous year./MONITOR
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