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The Kurdistan Workers' Party claims responsibility for the terrorist attack in Ankara
Fire in a night club in Spain, at least 13 victims
The miner was hit by a mass of stones and injured in the Bulqiza mine
The miner has an accident in Bulqiza, he is sent to the hospital
It was set for murder, who is Aldi Mustafa, the friend of "Rrumi t Shijak"
Scientists have sounded the alarm: Many diseases become more resistant when the weather goes to extremes such as heat and floods. Immunity declines and diseases spread faster around the world.
Human-caused climate change greatly favors the spread and outbreak of infectious diseases. The authors of a study from the University of Hawaii, published in the scientific journal "Nature", came to this conclusion. "It was horrifying to see what a health risk carbon dioxide emissions pose," said Camillo Mora, a professor in the College for Social Sciences at the University of Hawaii and lead author of the study.
The researchers found during the evaluation of more than 800 scientific papers that 58 percent of the infectious diseases studied become more resistant due to climate change. In more than three thousand cases, the connection that exists between them was proven. Of the 375 diseases studied, according to the study, 160 could be made more resistant by heat, 121 by floods, 71 by storms, 81 by drought and 43 by warming seas.
"The societal upheaval created by the COVID-19 pandemic provides a disturbing assessment of the growing health crisis driven by climate change," the study said.
Water pollution from droughts and storms
The links between climate change and disease are very diverse: Water and food shortages caused by droughts, for example, cause wild animals to venture closer to inhabited areas. This increases the risk for humans, who become infected with diseases transmitted by animals and parasites.
Droughts force people to drink contaminated water. This is how diseases of diarrhea or cholera are caused.
Storms, heavy rains, and floods can damage roads, power lines, or sewage systems and cut off supplies of clean, potable water. Such events have caused outbreaks of hepatitis A and E, rotavirus and typhoid in the past.
The heat weakens the immune system
Një pikë tjetër: Sistemi imunitar dobësohet nga ushqimi i pamjaftueshëm që shkaktohet nga thatësirat dhe nga rrymat e të nxehtit, duke u bërë më i ndjeshëm ndaj sëmundjeve. Edhe stresi dhe ekstreme të tjera moti mund ta dobësojnë sistemin imunitar të njerëzve dhe kafshëve.
Studiuesit kanë parë për shembull se nxehtësia dhe mungesa e ushqimit bëjnë që lakuriqët e natës të sekretojnë më shumë viruse duke favorizuar kështu shpërthimin e virusit hendra. Ai mund të shkaktojë infeksione të rënda të trurit tek njerëzit. Shkencëtarët kanë identifikuar gjithsej më shumë se 1000 mundësi të ndryshme, që tregojnë se si ndryshimi i klimës nxit shpërthimin e sëmundjeve.
Mushkonjat sjellin sëmundje tropikale në Europë
Temperaturat e larta jo vetëm që nxisin përhapjen e patogjeneve dhe rrisin rrezikun e infektimit, ato favorizojnë edhe përhapjen e transmetuesve, të ashtuquajturve "vektorë”. Këta bëjnë për shembull që mushkonjat ose parazitët e tjerë të shumohen në zonat e ngrohta. Nga ngrohja e tokës, ato mund të jetojnë edhe në rajone që nuk kanë qenë banuar më parë prej tyre.
Studimi ka gjetur më shumë se 100 sëmundje të përhapura nga vektorët, që bëhen më rezistente nga ndryshimi i klimës.
"Në Gjermani dhe në Europë ne shohim tani ndikimin e aktiviteteve që varen nga klima mbi nxitësit e sëmundjeve,” thotë Dr. Renke Lühken nga institute Bernhard-Nocht për mjekësinë tripikale në Hamburg (BNITM), kur flet për Deutsche Wellen. Virologu është ekspert për sëmundjet që përhapen nga insektet dhe nuk ka marrë pjesë në studimin, për të cilin u fol më sipër.
Përhapje e mushkonjave agresive
Ekspertët shqetësohen shumë për përhapjen e mushkonjës aziatike, mushkonjës tiger, thotë Lühken. Ato janë duke u vendosur në pjesë të tjera të Europës është "sidomos përgjegjëse për shpërthimin e virusit Chikungunya dhe virusit Dengue-Virus në Mesdhe,” thotë virologu më tej. "Ajo është shumë agresive dhe e depërtueshme. Ajo është në gjendje të transmetojë tek njeriu më shumë se 20 viruse të ndryshme dhe të zerë vendin e mushkonjave vendase. Përveç kësaj ajo është shumë e adaptueshme, sa i përket zgjedhjes së vendit të shumimit,” shton Artur Jöst, biolog dhe ekspert për mushkonjat aziatike tiger në institutin e dipterologjisë në Speyer.
Virusi i këpushës dhe ethet Dengue çojnë në temperatura të larta te njeriu, acarim të lëkurës dhe dhimbje koke, kockash dhe gjymtyrësh. Në një studim të vitit 2020, studiuesit e Universitetit të Xhorxhias, SHBA paralajmërojnë se deri në vitin 2050 më shumë se 1,3 miliardë vetë do të jetojnë në zonat ku është i përhapur virusi i këpushës. Më shumë se 700 milionë vetë do të jetojnë në temperatura që e bëjnë transmetimin të mundshëm gjatë gjithë vitit.
"Kjo është shqetësuese, sepse ekzistojnë pak vaksina të lejuara kundër këtyre patogjenëve,” thotë Lühken nga BNITM. 17 përqind e gjithë sëmundjeve infektuese transmetohen nga vektorët. Gati 700 milionë vetë sëmuren çdo vit nga një sëmundje që transmetohet nga mushkonjat, më shumë se një milion humbasin jetën.
Reduktimi i CO2 ndihmon luftimin e sëmundjeve
Presidenti i institutit Robert Koch (RKI), Lothar Wieler, bën thirrje që t' i kushtohet më shumë vëmendje sëmundjeve ekzotike në Gjermani. "Ndryshimi i klimës ka bërë që në Gjermani të zgjerohet hapësira ku jetojnë mushkonjat dhe këpushat ", thotë Wieler para gazetarëve. "Shumë lloje mushkonjash dhe këpushash mund të transmetojnë patogjenë infeksionesh viralë, bakterialë dhe parazitarë,” thotë Wieler. "Edhe kthimi i malarjes është i mundshëm."
According to the scientists of the study published in "Nature" it is difficult and almost impossible to prevent the spread of diseases that are driven by climate change, or to adapt to them. Because pathogens and transmission routes are numerous. Therefore, they think that "aggressive treatment" is needed to reduce the emissions of gases that cause the greenhouse effect. / DW
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