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What does the declaration on military cooperation between Kosovo, Albania and Croatia contain, which angered Serbia?
Exploring the development and acquisition of defense capabilities through multinational cooperation, sharing best practices in recruiting, developing, and retaining personnel to enhance deterrence and defense capabilities, joint exercises, strengthening countermeasures against hybrid threats, sharing intelligence for deterrence, and supporting Kosovo in obtaining its status in NATO's Partnership for Peace.
These are some of the points included in the declaration of cooperation in the field of defense and security that the Defense Ministers of Kosovo, Albania and Croatia signed on March 18 in Tirana.
The full agreement was published by Albania's Defense Minister, Pirro Vengu, on March 22, who wrote in X that in its history, Tirana has no precedent for secret agreements or treaties to the detriment of its neighbors, "as other states have had."
"Serbia, having pursued an empty-chair policy in regional initiatives for two years, has unilaterally suspended itself from the opportunity to promote or participate in multilateral consultations. This suspension, which it is up to Serbia to set aside, renders futile any victimization narrative coming from the Serbian government," he wrote.
The full text of the statement was later published by the Kosovo Ministry of Defense.
Minister Vengu said that the agreement aims to fulfill the ambitions arising from NATO's strategic concept and relies on increasing cooperation and industrial defense production based on the alliance's commitment to industrial expansion and the European Union's plan for the Rearmament of Europe.
The agreement on the field of security and defense between Kosovo and two NATO member states, Albania and Croatia, has four points.
The first point concerns the promotion of defense capabilities and cooperation in the relevant industry.
It states that the three countries will explore the development and acquisition of defense capabilities through multinational cooperation, in order to increase the readiness of their military forces. Kosovo, Albania and Croatia also pledge to identify areas for cooperation in the defense industry, promoting access to resources and supply chains in order to have a competitive and sustainable defense industry.
This point of the agreement also foresees investment in new technologies and innovations in order to have a unified approach to the transformation of security and defense.
Pika e dytë adreson rritjen e ndërveprueshmërisë, përmes edukimit, trajnimeve dhe stërvitjeve. Aty thuhet se do të ndahen praktikat më të mira të rekrutimit, zhvillimit dhe mbajtjes së personelit të kualifikuar ushtarak me qëllim që të rriten kapacitetet parandaluese dhe mbrojtëse.
Po ashtu, aty parashihet mundësia e edukimit dhe trajnimit individual përmes akademive dhe kolegjeve përkatëse të shteteve, “me qëllim që të ketë kuptueshmëri më të mirë nga ana strategjike të kërcënimeve dhe sfidave të përbashkëta”.
Marrëveshja parasheh stërvitje dypalëshe dhe trepalëshe për të përmirësuar ndërveprueshmërinë në bazë të politikave të NATO-s dhe BE-së, me qëllim që forcat e tyre ushtarake të jenë të përgatitura në mënyrë adekuate.
*Video: Pse Serbia po shqetësohet nga bashkëpunimi ushtarak mes Kosovës dhe shteteve fqinje?
Pika tre përqendrohet në kundërpërgjigjen ndaj kërcënimeve hibride. Shtetet janë zotuar se do të forcojnë hapat e përbashkët për t’iu përgjigjur kërcënimeve hibride, përfshirë kërcënimeve kibernetike, fushatave të dezinformimit si dhe “dikimin dashakeq të huaj që mund të komprometojë ose të ndikojë në sigurinë kombëtare dhe rajonale”.
Në këtë fushë përfshihet këmbimi i informacioneve të inteligjencës për koordinim strategjik dhe operacional mes institucioneve të mbrojtjes “për të parandaluar, zbuluar dhe reaguar në mënyrë efektive kundër sfidave që hasin vendet tona përkatëse”.
Po ashtu, Kosova, Shqipëria dhe Kroacia kanë thënë se do të eksplorojnë mundësitë e reagimit për një sërë kërcënimesh të mundshme ndaj infrastrukturës së tyre kritike.
Dhe pika e fundit e marrëveshjes flet për mbështetjen që shtetet do të ofrojnë për integrimin euroatlantik. Këtu përfshihet përafrimi i politikave me institucionet dhe strukturat euroatlantike të sigurisë dhe mbrojtjes.
Shtetet janë zotuar se do të bashkëpunojnë për integrimin e plotë të Kosovës në nismat rajonale të sigurisë dhe mbrojtjes si dhe të pranimit në Programin për Partneritet për Paqe të NATO-s.
Serbia e ka kritikuar nismën e bashkëpunimit mes tri vendeve, duke e parë si kërcënim për “integritetin terrorial të saj”. Beogradi, që menjëherë kërkuar shpjegim nga Zagrebi dhe Tirana për qëllimet e nismës, po ashtu ka akuzuar dy shtetet për nisje të një gare armatimi në rajon.
Kosova, ndërkaq, ka thënë se nisma për bashkëpunim do t’i kontribuojë paqes dhe stabilitetit në rajon dhe nuk duhet të shihet si kërcënim ndaj askujt, por po ashtu duhet të merret edhe si mesazh se tri shtetet do të jenë të bashkuara përballë çfarëdo sfide apo kërcënimi.
Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme dhe Diasporës e Kosovës i ka cilësuar kundërshtimet e Serbisë për nismën e bashkëpunimit të mbrojtjes si "shkelje të hapur të Marrëveshjeve të Brukselit", e cila, sipas MPJD-së, "parashikon qartë se Serbia nuk do të pengojë marrëdhëniet ndërkombëtare të Kosovës dhe nuk do të pretendojë të flasë në emër të Kosovës në marrëdhëniet me shtete dhe organizata të tjera".
"Serbia's attempt to present itself as a 'guarantor of peace in the Balkans' is absurd. No state in the region and beyond has contributed more to the destabilization of the Western Balkans than Serbia, as historical facts and recent developments prove," the MFA said on March 19.
Croatia has responded to Serbia's criticism, saying that the time has passed when Zagreb sought permission from Belgrade on how to act and with whom to cooperate.
The Defense Ministers of Kosovo, Albania, and Croatia have said that the initiative could be expanded to other countries, mentioning the possibility of Bulgaria becoming part of it.
Meanwhile, Montenegro has said that it was not invited to become part of the declaration on cooperation in the field of security and defense.
Security experts have seen the initiative as a step towards strengthening alternatives or strategic alliances for Kosovo to advance in terms of defense. However, they do not see it as a step towards forming a formal defense alliance, such as NATO .
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