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American media: If Rama wins, these will be the last elections. Albania is moving from democracy to dictatorship
On May 11, 2025, Albanians will head to the polls to elect a new parliament. If Prime Minister Edi Rama, the leader of the Socialist Party of Albania, wins, these could be the last elections for the Balkan country, writes the American media 1945. What was once a model for post-communist transition is now teetering on the brink of dictatorship again. Interventions by the State Department and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) have also transformed one of the most promising economies in the Balkans into a narco-state.
Albania's rise from communist dictatorship
Albania has long been a post-Cold War success story. During the Cold War rule of Enver Hoxha, Albania was as repressive as North Korea. However, after Hoxha's death and the collapse of the Soviet Union, Albania was reborn.
Its people rejected their state-imposed anti-Americanism and became some of the most enthusiastic supporters of the United States. Albania votes with the United States in the United Nations as much as Australia, and even more than former allies like the Netherlands, Spain, or Sweden.
Much of the credit for Albania’s transformation goes to Sali Berisha, a cardiologist who rose to prominence in the 1990s when he led calls for the Albanian Party of Labor to end its monopoly on power. He has repeatedly chided Hoxha’s successor, Ramiz Alia, for the superficiality of the reforms. Ultimately, Berisha founded the Democratic Party of Albania, an unabashedly center-right party. In Albania’s first free elections in 1991, Berisha won more than a third of the vote, despite Alia’s near-monopoly on the media and society. A year later, the Democratic Party took nearly 60 percent of the total vote, and Berisha became president.
It was a transformative time. Berisha privatized both land and housing. Within a few years, Albania's new private sector accounted for three-quarters of gross domestic product. He reduced inflation to single digits and allowed religion to flourish again after decades of communist repression.
Jo çdo gjë në mandatin e tij ishte pozitive. Shqiptarët humbën kursimet e jetës në skemat Ponzi në një kohë kur Partia Demokratike kishte pothuajse kontrollin total. Dhuna shpërtheu ndërsa shqiptarët fajësuan qeverinë. Kur çdo parti ka monopol, rritet edhe arroganca dhe ndjenja e mosndëshkimit. Megjithatë, shqiptarët e morën seriozisht demokracinë e tyre. Në vitin 1997 shqiptarët ndëshkuan Partinë Demokratike. Partia Socialiste fitoi më shumë se gjysmën e votave dhe Barisha kaloi me hijeshi në kryetar të opozitës. Barisha u kthye në pushtet si kryeministër tetë vjet më vonë dhe punoi ngushtë me Presidentin George W. Bush për të fituar pavarësinë e Kosovës. Ndërtimi i rrugëve dhe zhvillimet e tjera të infrastrukturës karakterizuan postin e tij të kryeministrit.
Tradhtia e Edi Ramës ndaj Demokracisë
Megjithatë, pas humbjes në vitin 2013, Berisha dha dorëheqjen nga udhëheqja e partisë, megjithëse ai mbeti një figurë me ndikim jashtëzakonisht të madh dhe kështu një objektiv politik, pothuajse në të njëjtën mënyrë, ndoshta, si Ronald Reagan ose ndikimi i Barack Obamës u shtri shumë kohë pasi ata lanë detyrën. Dallimi mes Amerikës dhe Shqipërisë, natyrisht, është kur Regani dhe Obama mbaruan mandatin e dytë, madje edhe kundërshtarët e tyre politikë nuk u shqetësuan se do të ktheheshin.
Për Edi Ramën, kreun e Partisë Socialiste që u bë kryeministër në vitin 2013, megjithatë, fantazma e Berishës u duk e madhe. Duke mos u kënaqur me rrahjen e Berishës në kutinë e votimit, ai iu përkushtua diskreditimit dhe skualifikimit të Berishës. Këtu, për fat të keq, Rama kishte një aleat tek Obama dhe shumë në Departamentin e Shtetit që nuk i besonin qendrës së djathtë. Rama zbuloi shpejt se çdo dispersion që ai bënte ndaj Berishës do të gjente besnikëri në Uashington. Sigurisht, korrupsioni shqiptar ishte real. Në vitin 2010, Shqipëria u rendit e 116-ta në Indeksin e Perceptimit të Korrupsionit të Transparency International. Më keq se çdo vend evropian përveç Bjellorusisë dhe Rusisë. Një dekadë më vonë, pas shtatë viteve të Ramës, Shqipëria shënoi vetëm pak më mirë, duke u renditur në vendin e 104-të, por duke kaluar pas Bosnjës, Kosovës dhe Maqedonisë së Veriut.
Departamenti i Shtetit gjunjëzoi Demokracinë Shqiptare
Duke qenë se lufta kundër korrupsionit ishte një çështje madhore, administrata e Obamës dhe Agjencia Amerikane për Zhvillim Ndërkombëtar (USAID) mbështetën Strukturën Speciale kundër Korrupsionit dhe Krimit të Organizuar (SPAK). Ishte një ide e mirë, e ekzekutuar keq. Ashtu si Rexhep Tajip Erdogan mori në dorë zyrën e auditimit bankar për të mbyllur kundërshtarët e tij, po ashtu Rama e armatosi SPAK-un. Objektivi i tij kryesor? Berisha dhe mbështetësit e tij.
Enter Yuri Kim, a career diplomat who became U.S. ambassador to Albania in 2020; it was her first ambassadorial post. She embraced Rama, literally and figuratively, openly favoring Rama and belittling the Democratic Party and the opposition, famously telling Berisha to “eat grass.” Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s ideological hostility to the center-right, Kim’s partisanship, and USAID Administrator Samantha Power’s willingness to allow Rama to turn SPAK into a political weapon combined in a disastrous decision by the State Department to designate Berisha and his family persona non grata and revoke their visas to the United States. To appease Kim and the State Department, the Democratic Party expelled Berisha. It didn’t work. As Rama became more corrupt and the Democratic Party of Albania continued to lose elections, they again rallied around Berisha, who in 2022 resumed his role as opposition leader.
There are three parallels to what the State Department and the Obama and Biden administrations have done to Albania, all of which are now at the forefront. The first is Zimbabwe, where, for ideological reasons, the Carter administration embraced Robert Mugabe long after it became clear that his leftist rhetoric had less to do with social justice and more to do with consolidating dictatorship.
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