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Maryna Ljuschyna on February 24, 2022 wanted to give a course on cooking chocolate. In the evening, she set the tables and was happy for the children, who would come to her private youth theater in Konotop in the north of Ukraine.
That night the actress, mother of two children did not sleep well. She heard an alarm and thought it was the tram signal. "At seven o'clock in the morning a friend called me and said: 'Turn on the TV, it's war,'" recalls Ljuschyna, who now lives in Bonn, Germany.
Konotop is located about 80 km from the border with Russia. Two years ago, the city was surrounded within two hours by Russian troops. There was resistance, but the forces were disproportionate and the Ukrainian army withdrew. Later, the city was recaptured by Ukrainian troops and liberated.
In the first days of the war, Ljuschyna escaped to her mother on the outskirts of the city, when she encountered Russian troops: "I asked them: What are you doing here?" Their answer was: "We have come to get President Zelensky."
Ukraine as a ball game for measuring forces?
As if Ukraine were not an independent state, she is outraged. The invaders had thought they would be welcomed and were surprised to find the opposite, the woman says.
After three days, Lyuschyna escaped to the west of Ukraine and from there, together with millions of other Ukrainians, continued on the way to the EU. Her husband stayed.
She is still unable to understand it to this day: "I didn't expect that there would be a big war. How can something like this happen in the middle of Europe in the 21st century?"
Ljuschyna accuses the West, which is considering Ukraine as a game ball and a commodity: "Europe was watching and waiting, whether we will be killed or not."
This applies to all governments. The US, Great Britain and other Western governments have been providing weapons to Kiev since before the Russian invasion. Germany later joined these aids, but today Germany is leading the list of helping countries.
Masked men invaded Crimea
Two years ago many were surprised, even the people themselves in Ukraine. While the Russian attack had started eight years ago with the annexation of Crimea: on February 27, 2014, armed and masked men in uniforms with national symbols occupied the parliament and the territorial administration on the peninsula. The President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, later admitted that it had been Russian soldiers.
Ukraine was greatly weakened. In Kiev, opposition protests forced pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych to flee to Russia.
The new pro-Western government did not have the courage to defend Crimea with arms. The West advised Kiev to remain withdrawn - even after the spring of 2014, armed conflict broke out in the coal region of eastern Ukraine, in the Donbas. There were no harsh sanctions.
Rusia vendosi njerëzit e saj në krye të forcave pro-ruse në Donjeck dhe Lugansk dhe vazhdoi t'i armatosë gjithnjë e më shumë në fshehtësi. Perëndimi përpiqej përmes bisedimeve ta ngrinte konfliktin, Ukraina nuk shpalli gjendjen e luftës. Lufta u quajt "aksioni kundër terrorit".
E gjitha kjo bëri, që për shumë lufta të dukej mjaft e largët. "Shumica e ukrainasve nuk e kuptuan, që kjo ishte lufta e tyre", thotë Ljuschyna.
Ndërsa Maksym Kosub, përkthyesi nga Kievi, kujton, se si në qershor 2014 në një manifestim para ambasadës ruse ai kërkonte prishjen e marrëdhënieve.
"Unë e kam kuptuar qysh atëherë, së është luftë", thotë Kosub. Ai u regjistrua vullnetarisht në front në Donbas dhe u plagos. Ai ishte pjesë e një pakice patriote, që iu kundërvu Rusisë. Që nga sulmi në shkurt 2022 ai sërish vazhdon të luftojë në ushtrinë ukrainase.
A do të duhej të kishte luftuar Ukraina për Krimenë? Në Ukrainë shumë mendojnë kështu. "Unë tentoj të them, që do të duhej të ishte bërë përpjekje", thotë Susan Stewart, eksperte për Ukrainën në think tank-un e Berlinit "Fondacioni Shkenca dhe Politika" (SWP).
Ajo i referohet megjithatë "dobësisë së udhëheqjes në Kiev" në atë kohë. Tek e vërteta bën pjesë edhe se: Rusia vendosi trupat më 2014 përgjatë kufirit ukrainas dhe kërcënonte qysh atëherë me ndërhyrje masive. Ushtria ukrainase në Krime ishte e demoralizuar, një pjesë e madhe e ushtarëve kaluan në anën tjetër.
Varet nga ndihmat perëndimore
Lufta në Donbas dukej se ishte ngrirë mes viteve 2015 dhe 2022, ndonëse faktikisht ajo ishte kthyer në një luftë llogoresh me mijëra të vrarë. Përse Perëndimi besonte, së kjo do të mbetej kështu? Përse askush nuk e furnizoi Ukrainën me armë të rënda dhe vazhdohej të projektoheshin projekte të mëdha silinja e gazjellësit Nord Stream 2me Rusinë? Susan Stewart e shpjegon këtë me besimin që ekzistonte, se përmes integrimit mund të parandalohej lufta në Europë. Pas vitit 2022 Ukraina ndryshoi shumë. "Ne vazhdojmë të luftojmë për Ukrainën pavarësisht se kostoja është shumë e lartë", thotë ushtari Maksym Kosub. Ushtria ka ndryshuar shumë, është bërë më profesioniste, pavarësisht që ka ende probleme.
"Shoqëria është dëshmuar me aftësi vetëorganizimi", thotë Kosub. Si shembull ai përmend ndihmësit vullnetarë, që prej dhjetë vjetësh furnizojnë ushtrinë me automjete, pajisje vrojtimi apo medikamente. Kosub beson se lufta do zgjasë dhe do ketë shumë viktima – por në fund do mbyllet me fitoren e Ukrainës. Në vështrim retrospektiv, thotë ai: "Të gjithë e kanë nënvleftësuar Putinin dhe gatishmërinë e tij për t'i injoruar të gjitha rregullat."
Edhe Maryna Ljuschyna beson në një fitore. Lufta e ka bërë atë më të fortë, më të pakompromis kundrejt Rusisë, kundrejt gjuhës dhe kulturës ruse, thotë aktorja.
One day she wants to return to her husband, but no longer in Konotop, but will want to live in the west of Ukraine: "It's safer there." Russia, according to her, will remain a dangerous neighbor.
Susan Stewart will not make predictions beyond a year. She does not expect any "surprises" in Russia. With Western support, Ukraine will resist, however, after ten years of war, exhaustion continues to be felt. "Very little is thought about what could happen if Ukraine loses", says the expert. The cost would be "much higher"./DW
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