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In the parliamentary elections of May 11, the ruling Socialist Party won a fourth term at the head of the country, while the number of its deputies rose to 83, securing the largest majority since 1997.
The Alliance for a Greater Albania, a coalition of opposition parties led by the Democratic Party, came in second, electing 50 deputies. The Social Democratic Party received 3 deputies, and three new parties won a total of 4 representatives.
The Democratic Party has not accepted the result, while its leader, Sali Berisha, declared that the vote was manipulated and that dozens of candidates were elected with the influence of organized crime.
Meanwhile, the new opposition parties complained that the greatest manipulation came from the electoral system itself, which has distributed fewer seats in the Assembly compared to the percentage of votes received.
According to international observers from the OSCE/ODIHR, the elections fell short of international standards, as they were conducted on an uneven playing field, as a result of massive misuse of state resources, voter intimidation, and control of media freedom.
Local scholars and analysts are also concerned, as they weigh the impact that the Socialists' victory will have on Albanian democracy and its institutions.
"Practically, the Socialists, and more precisely Edi Rama, have everything in their hands," said Ermal Hasimja, adding that such a large parliamentary majority would pose a challenge for any country.
The May 11 elections are the tenth time that Albanians have elected their representatives to the Assembly since the fall of the communist regime in 1991. In the last three decades, the country has been involved in a difficult and often tumultuous transition towards a democratic state.
According to writer and former political prisoner Fatos Lubonja, regimes can secure an increase in votes in a fourth term, even after a government filled with corruption scandals and links to organized crime.
“There is a regime in Albania, there is no democracy,” he said. “This (result) means more control of the media, of the judiciary, of the institutions that should control the rule of law, and the ever-increasing use of repressive bodies like the police or economic pressure,” Lubonja added.
Hasimja states that the first target of the new socialist majority could be the new justice system and in particular the Special Anti-Corruption Structure, SPAK, which - depending on who you ask, has shown signs of independence from politics and a willingness to crack down on illegality at high levels.
“Tek e vetmja pikë ku mund të mobilizohej opinioni publik më lehtësisht, në mbrojtje të SPAK-ut dhe drejtësisë, fatkeqësisht Rama ka dakordësinë e Berishës, dhe rrjedhimisht edhe aty e ka derën e hapur për ta hequr qafe ose kontrolluar,” tha ai.
Sali Berisha është marrë i pandehur nga SPAK për korrupsion si pjesë e një afere për zhvillimin e një kompleksi pallatesh në ish-qendrën sportive të klubit ‘Partizani’ në Tiranë. I akuzuar në krah të tij është edhe dhëndri, Jamarbër Malltezi. Të dy i mohojnë me forcë akuzat dhe i kanë cilësuar ato si të nxitura politikisht nga Edi Rama.
Edhe ekspertja e komunikimit, Edlira Gjoni, është e shqetësuar për qasjen që mazhoranca do të mbajë ndaj pushtetit gjyqësor. Ajo i tha BIRN se pushteti i madh rrezikon ta kthejë drejtësinë në një mjet të tijin.
“Kur kontrolli mbi legjislacionin, drejtësinë dhe burimet publike përqendrohet në një dorë, nuk jemi më në një rend demokratik funksional, por në një terren ku institucioneve u kërkohet ligjërisht bindje, jo balancim,” tha ajo.
Masiviteti i shumicës, që i mundëson socialistëve të ndërmarrin të vetëm ndryshime ligjore që kërkojnë kompromis, është sipas saj “një shkelje syri e rrezikshme me idenë se pushteti është mirë të përforcohet, e jo të kufizohet”.
Analistët i druhen faktit se kjo fuqi, e prodhuar nga një proces zgjedhor me probleme, mund ta shtyjë vendin – që deri tani vlerësohet si një demokraci me probleme, edhe më tej në autoritarizëm, pasi opozita, edhe më herët e dobët, del nga këto zgjedhje e shkatërruar.
“Pakësimi i opozitës është edhe më i madh dhe një pjesë e mirë (e votuesve) kanë ikur apo s’kanë votuar,” tha Lubonja.
Edhe Gjoni ngre shqetësimin se dobësimi i mëtejshëm i opozitës është një rrezik i madh për vendin.
“Shqetësuese nuk është vetëm fitorja, por më shumë humbja e një busulle për ç’është e mirë e ç’është e rrezikshme në politikë,” tha ajo, ndërsa shtoi se “tani kemi një Shqipëri që po mësohet të jetojë pa opozitë reale, pa debat, pa balancë”.
Gjoni thotë se qytetarët kanë filluar të heshtin si instinkt vetëmbrojtjeje dhe se kjo sjellje dëshmon që nuk jemi në një demokraci funksionale.
“Është një iluzion i saj, i zbukuruar me fletëvotimi,” tha ajo.
Sipas Hasimes, numrat e mazhorancës së re e bëjnë rezistencën ndaj pushtetit të saj një sfidë për forcat demokratike.
“Mekanizmat më të besueshëm të kundërvënies në këto kushte janë eventualisht partitë e reja, nëse ia dalin të fuqizohen, dhe shoqëria civile, nëse ia del të ngrihet nga gjumi,” tha ai.
Gjoni mendon se kontrolli mbi shumicën mund të vijë vetëm nga jashtë sistemit dhe nga një aktivizëm më i madh i shoqërisë civile.
“Ai (sistemi) është kalbur i gjithë,” thotë Gjoni. “Ndaj edhe segmentet e ndryshme të biznesit, intelektit, mjekësisë, parisë, duhet të refuzojnë të nënshtrohen,” shtoi ajo.
Lubonja, nga ana tjetër, është edhe më pesimist mbi pasojat e këtij rezultati dhe pushtetin që ai i jep Ramës. Shkrimtari thotë se mbështetja që sistemi merr nga jashtë e bën atë të pakontrollueshëm.
"For me, it has become even more uncontrollable because of the support given to it by Europe, or EU politicians, who have proven to be failures in their own country," Lubonja said, adding that "authoritarian leaders are growing everywhere here and we are cooperating with them."
According to the writer, who spent part of his life as a political prisoner in the dictatorship's prisons, the only remaining hope is for the regime, as he calls it, to collapse from its own sins, but this, according to him, will come with serious consequences for the country.
“This regime will fall from its own failure, and this will be bad for Albania, because it will bring a catastrophe,” he warned./ BIRN
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