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"Scandal prices", VOA: High inflation in Albania, citizens in economic difficulties
In Albania, the increase in prices, since February, when the Russian aggression in Ukraine began, has put a large part of society, who have low incomes, in difficulty. Inflation has reached 8%, the highest level in more than 20 years. In order to minimize the effects of the crisis, the government has recently intervened with a plan of measures extended over time, which come to the aid of the categories in need. Experts believe that they are insufficient, while the authorities say that the interventions have been made carefully, with the aim of maintaining the macroeconomic stability of the country.
Albania continues to face economic difficulties since February when the Russian aggression in Ukraine began. The global food and supply crisis took its toll, as manufacturing activity in the country is largely dependent on the import of raw materials. Inflation in August reached 8%, the highest level in more than two decades and twice as high as in January. According to Instat's data, the food group had the greatest impact on the price increase with 15% and that of transport and fuel with 20 and 24%. The government has intervened twice during the year, first with what was called the social resilience package and now with some other time-stretched measures. The authorities say that by the end of the year the financial support reaches a figure of around 360 million euros, where the largest part with 230 million euros is held by the electricity price subsidy. But in a country like Albania where the per capita income is among the lowest in the region and Europe, the effect of the crisis is high. Some citizens, part of the government's support packages, told VOA that they are facing financial difficulties.
"We are coping with the increase in prices with great difficulty. Everything has gone double. This increase burdens my budget by 30%" - said a retired citizen from Tirana for Voice of America.
"The prices are a scandal, if we don't have any side help, we will end" - said a resident of Tirana.
"With the pensions we have, it is very difficult, but thankfully we have children outside and they help us" - continued another pensioner.
"Only one thing is good that the price of energy is not rising" - said a citizen.
According to Instat data, in the 15% increase in the food group, oils had the biggest impact with 29%, milk and eggs with 22% and bread and cereals with 20%. Although it has burdened consumers, on the other hand, this increase in prices has brought more income to the state budget, so far around 420 million euros, or 16% more than a year ago, in the same period. Experts in the field of economics say that this income should be used to mitigate the effects of the crisis for the needy.
“Kjo shifër që është marrë nga rritja e cmimeve, duhet të rialokohet tek grupet sociale, që kanë më tepër nevojë. Nuk mund të kemi paketa sociale që realizojnë 100% objektivin e tyre, por duhet të themi që këto paketa duhet të jenë të gatshme dhe duhet të aktivizohen sa më shpejt, pasi bëhet fjalë për disa qindra, mijëra njerëz që kanë të ardhura deri në 5.5 dollarë për frymë dhe që mbeten në kushtet e mbijetesës”- tha për Zërin e Amerikës Arben Malaj, ish-ministër i financave.
Ministrja e Financave dhe Ekonomisë, Delina Ibrahimaj i tha Zërit të Amerikës, se në paketën e dytë të miratuar pak ditë më parë, masat janë të qëndrueshme dhe jo me efekt të përkohshëm. Ato përfshijnë indeksimin e pensioneve me 6%, që arrin në 9.5 që prej fillimit të vitit, rritjen me 10% e ndihmës ekonomike, dyfishimin e saj për gratë kryefamiljare me 2 fëmijë dhe ato mbi 65 vjeç pa të ardhura. Indeksimin me 7% të pagesës për personat me aftësi të kufizuar. Rritjen e pagës minimale dhe rritjen e pagave për disa kategori të administratës publike me 7% mesatarisht. Nga mbështetja financiare përftojnë përmes skemave të subvencionimit të naftës, fermerët, sektori i peshkimit, dhe ai i transportit.
Në paketën e ndihmës përfshihet dhe mbështetja për prodhuesit e grurit, në kushtet kur Shqipëria importon nga Rusia dhe Ukraina rreth 70% të totalit të importit të grurit në vend, ku peshën më të madhe me 64% e mban Rusia. Por për ekspertët ndërhyrjet janë të pamjaftueshme, kryesisht për shtresat me të ardhura të ulëta, duke veçuar pensionistët që sipas Ministrisë së Financave, përfitojnë nga indeksimi i fundit 1 mijë e 500 lekë në muaj për një pension mesatar. Ministrja e financave duke iu përgjigjur kritikave thotë se qeveria është treguar e matur në hartimin e politikave mbështetëse.
“Ne do donim të bënim më shumë, por roli i qeverisë është të ruajë stabilitetin makroekonomik të vendit. Ne nuk mund të marrim vendime të nxituara. Ne duhet të jemi shumë të kujdesshëm që suportin që japim, ta japim të qëndrueshëm, deri në limitin ku nuk ndikohen parametrat makroekonomikë të vendit. Nuk duhet harruar që përveç kësaj rritje ne gjithashtu suportojmë dhe subvencionojmë çdo pensionist dhe çdo familjar shqiptar për konsumin e energjisë elektrike”- shpjegoi për Zërin e Amerikës Delina Ibrahimaj, Ministre e Financave dhe Ekonomisë.
Autoritetet thonë se vendimi i fundit i qeverisë që mban të pandryshuar çmimin e energjisë për familjet që konsumojnë deri në 800 kwh në muaj, përfshin 96% të konsumatorëve të kësaj kategorie që kanë të ardhura të ulëta, mesatare dhe të larta. Pjesa tjetër mbi këtë fashë do paguajë me çmimin e tregut. Zyrtarët thonë se edhe 95% e bizneseve, kanë çmim të subvencionuar të energjisë dhe s’kanë patur rritje. Por për ekspertët niveli i lartë i varfërisë në vend i minimizon këto mbështetje financiare.
“Vërtet në themi që inflacioni mesatar është në nivelet 6.9 apo 7.1% por në fakt duke patur parasysh që një pjesë e rëndësishme e familjeve shqiptare rreth 40% jetojnë në nivelin e varfërisë relative, çdo rritje cmimesh ndikon direkt në uljen e konsuimit, të fuqisë blerëse, në uljen e nivelit të jetesës, dhe minimizon efektet e mbështetjes së politikave sociale”- i tha Zërit të Amerikës Ardian Civici, Doktor i Shkenacave Ekonomike.
Por autoritetet janë optimiste, dhe flasin për qëndrueshmëri ekonomike duke u bazuar në disa të dhëna.
“Konsumi ka vijuar ritmin rritës. Instat ka publikuar të dhënat për tregëtinë me pakicë, e cila për tremujorin e dytë rezultoi në nivelin 6.1%. Tregëtia me pakicë, është një tregues që i përafrohet nivelit të konsumit në vend. Kemi dhe tregues të tjerë që flasin për rritje të aktivitetit ekonomik në vend, rritje të numrit të bizneseve, apo rritja e numrit të të punësuarve në ekonomi. Të dyja këto të dhëna në krahasim me të njëjtën periudhë të vitit të kaluar, paraqiten me rritje”- u shpreh Delina Ibrahimaj, Ministre e Financave dhe Ekonomisë.
Officials say that they have so far managed to maintain expectations for economic growth this year with 3.2%, but the future in the conditions of a global crisis remains a challenge for the authorities, according to experts. Countries with a fragile economy like Albania, according to them, are increasingly exposed to crises and the measures to minimize them, in many cases, have a low impact on the population./ VOA
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