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Gunfire in Durres, a 30-year-old man is injured
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Posta e mëngjesit/ Me 2 rreshta: Çfarë pati rëndësi dje në Shqipëri
Sexual harassment at work is not reported, there is a lack of trust in justice
Albanian women who fall prey to sexual harassment in the workplace choose to remain silent or resign instead of denouncing the perpetrators, due to a lack of faith in justice and fear of prejudice.
Eleonora* was 26 years old and a young economist in a construction company in Tirana when she first faced sexual harassment in the workplace. The author of the harassment was her 73-year-old boss.
"In addition to the compliments, he began to behave inappropriately. Every time I passed by, he found a reason to make physical contact. Then he started to close the window, to lock the office with the key to create the most intimate environment," recalls Eleonora, requesting that her name remain confidential.
At that time, Eleonora was married with two children, a fact known even by her boss. After a difficult two-month psychological period, Eleonora was forced to resign.
"I didn't even go to the office to leave work, because I was afraid. I communicated the decision in coffee and as far as I could see, it was expected from his side," she added.
Eleonora chose not to report the case because, as she told Citizens Channel, she felt some sort of obligation to the person who had referred her to the job. But if she could go back in time, she says she should have reported him.
"I wish I had reported him, because people like that deserve to learn a lesson so that he doesn't repeat it with other employees," she says.
The Albanian Penal Code defines sexual harassment as the conduct of behaviors of a sexual nature, which violate the dignity of the person, by any means or form, creating a threatening, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment - this is a criminal offense punishable by 1 to 5 years in prison.
But regardless of legal provisions, most women who face sexual harassment in the workplace choose to remain silent and not report.
Merita Poni, lecturer at the University of Tirana and author of the national study "Sexual harassment in the workplace" from the organization "Together for life" told Citizens that women and girls are afraid to report sexual harassment for fear of double victimization.
"They don't report because they fear that what happened to them is more victimized than the bully, moreover, the victims don't believe that they will get justice through complaints or denunciations," said Poni.
Fear of reporting
Sipas studimit kombëtar “Ngacmimet seksuale në vendin e punës” nga organizata “Together for life”, rreth 60% e të anketuarve i konsiderojnë ngacmimet seksuale në vendin e punës si shqetësim serioz. Rreth 11% e të anketuarve thonë se në dy vitet e fundit kanë përjetuar një ngacmim seksual në vendin e punës, ndërsa 19% gjatë gjithë jetës së tyre. Por pavarësisht përhapjes së fenomenit, studimi thekson nivelin e ulët të denoncimeve.
Studimi thekson se 80% e viktimave të ngacmimit seksual në vendin e punës nuk kanë ngritur ankesë për arsye që listohen prej tyre si: kanë turp të raportojnë, nuk kanë besim se do gjejnë zgjidhje, kanë frikë nga paragjykimet dhe përgjimet etj.
Përmes një pyetësori të publikuar online, Citizens Channel kontaktoi me dhjetëra gra që ndanë detaje nga historitë e tyre të ngacmimeve seksuale, por asnjë prej tyre nuk e kishte denoncuar rastin.
Mbi 50% e të anketuarve thanë se kishin zgjedhur të mos denonconin, pasi nuk kishin besim te sistemi i drejtësisë; 25% se thjesht dhanë dorëheqjen, ndërsa 10% e lidhën mungesën e denoncimit me frikën e humbjes së vendit të punës.
Sa i përket formës së ngacmimeve, shumica thanë se kishin marrë mesazhe, komplimente apo fjalë të tepërta, ndërsa një grup më i vogël tha se ishte përballur me abuzim emocional dhe psikologjik apo me prekje fizike të padëshiruara. Vetëm në 1 rast, kërkimi i favoreve seksuale kishte qenë i drejtpërdrejtë.
Citizens i drejtoi një kërkesë Policisë së Shtetit, e cila konfirmoi se përpunon të dhëna statistikore për veprën penale “Ngacmimi seksual”, e parashikuar nga neni 108/a i K.Penal, por nuk disponon nënndarje të saj, pra specifikisht për ngacmimin seksual në vendin e punës. Pyetur sërish për numrin e përgjithshëm të ngacmimeve seksuale, Zyra për Shtyp e Policisë së Shtetit vonoi të jepte informacion pavarësisht zotimit se do të përcillte shifrat brenda ditës.
Për çështjet e pabarazisë, diskriminimit dhe shkeljes së të drejtave të njeriut, punonjësit mund t’i drejtohen dy institucioneve kombëtare: Komisionerit për Mbrojtjen nga Diskriminimi (KMD) dhe Avokatit të Popullit (AP).
Gjatë katër muajve të parë të vitit 2024, Komisioneri për Mbrojtjen nga Diskriminimi, KMD, ka marrë pjesë në shtatë procese gjyqësore të natyrës së ngacmimeve seksuale, ku në të gjitha rastet paditëset kanë qenë gra.
Nё gjashtë prej rasteve, KMD ёshtё thirrur si palё e tretё, nё gjykime ku ёshtё kërkuar konstatimi i diskriminimit drejtpёrdrejtё nё gjykatё dhe dëmshpërblimi pёr diskriminimin e pёsuar, ndërsa në 1 rast, KMD ka marrë pjesë si i paditur, për shkak se është kërkuar shfuqizimi i vendimit të mosdiskriminimit të KMD-së nga ankuesja.
"Complaints about sexual harassment in the workplace are still at a low level. Although there is a deeper knowledge of the law to denounce such cases, often this denunciation does not happen immediately, but is delayed and there is often a lack of evidence due to the late deadline of the complainant in reporting," says Bruna Menalla , coordinator at the office of the Commissioner for Protection from Discrimination.
Representatives of the People's Advocate said that they only handle cases of sexual harassment in the public administration and not the private sector. In order to raise awareness of this issue, this institution has published an orientation manual for the Albanian public administration.
*Name has been changed to protect the woman's identity.
/Citizens
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