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Can the bridge in Mitrovica be opened without the agreement of KFOR?
Although the Prime Minister of Kosovo, Albin Kurti, announced in mid-July that his Government intends to open the main bridge over the Iber River in Mitrovica, the NATO military mission in Kosovo, KFOR, says that any decision to open it must is taken in the framework of the dialogue for the normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia, which is mediated by the European Union.
In a statement given to Radio Free Europe, KFOR said that NATO supports this dialogue and that it is there to contribute to a safe environment for all citizens of Kosovo - at any time and in an impartial manner.
"This includes constant presence on the bridge in Mitrovica and regular patrols in the surrounding area," KFOR said.
He did not answer the question if anyone from the Government of Kosovo has contacted him regarding this issue.
Italian KFOR soldiers are patrolling the bridge over the Iber, while members of the Kosovo Police are also nearby.
Therefore, from the civilian sector in Kosovo, they say that the key factor in the opening of the bridge is, in fact, KFOR, because it must move its soldiers, that is, give its consent.
This bridge divides Mitrovica into the southern part inhabited by Albanian majority and the northern part, where the majority community is Serbs.
The bridge is currently only open for pedestrians, although, as part of the dialogue, it has been agreed to open it for traffic as well.
While the Government of Kosovo believes that the opening of the bridge would ensure freedom of movement for everyone, Serbia sees this issue as a "provocation".
On July 17, the Prime Minister of Kosovo raised the issue of its opening in a meeting with the ambassadors of the QUINT countries and with the head of the EU Office in Kosovo, after which he said that "no one can say that this it is not a good and correct thing".
QUINT countries include: United States, France, Germany, Italy and Great Britain.
"We want the law to be implemented, to respect freedom of movement, but also to have peace and security for everyone," Kurti told reporters on July 18, speaking about the opening of the bridge in Mitrovica.
What does QUINT say?
The British Embassy in Kosovo told Radio Free Europe that its country's position is that the bridge in Mitrovica should be opened in accordance with the relevant agreements reached within the dialogue for the normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia.
"We are open to discussions with the Government of Kosovo, how this can be achieved", the answer says.
REL also addressed the other embassies of the QUINT countries to ask them what their position is on the opening of the bridge in Mitrovica and if they support the intention of the Government of Kosovo to open it for traffic, but they did not received an answer.
Ngjashëm nuk u përgjigj as Bashkimi Evropian, por më herët ai rikujtoi se kjo çështje ka qenë temë e dialogut mes Kosovës dhe Serbisë për normalizimin e marrëdhënieve dhe se, për këtë arsye, të gjitha vendimet duhet të merren në kuadër të dialogut, me pjesëmarrjen e delegacioneve zyrtare të Prishtinës dhe Beogradit.
BE-ja, po ashtu, u bëri thirrje palëve që t’i zbatojnë pa vonesë të gjitha marrëveshjet e arritura në dialog, përfshirë Marrëveshjen për urën, por të mos e rrezikojnë stabilitetin në terren.
Si të hapet ura pa rrezikuar stabilitetin në terren?
Qeveria e Kosovës nuk iu përgjigj pyetjes së REL-it se si mund të hapet ura mbi Ibër pa e rrezikuar stabilitetin në terren – ashtu siç kërkon bashkësia ndërkombëtare.
Arton Demhasaj, nga organizata joqeveritare Çohu, beson se ura kryesore në Mitrovicë duhet të hapet për lëvizje më të lehtë të të gjithë qytetarëve, por thekson se kjo duhet të bëhet në koordinim të plotë me KFOR-in dhe me vendet e QUINT-it.
“Çdo veprim i njëanshëm dhe i pakoordinuar, i cili mund të shoqërohet me përshkallëzim ndëretnik të situatës, mund të ketë efekt të kundërt”, thotë Demhasaj për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
Ai shton se Qeveria e Kosovës, bashkë me KFOR-in dhe QUINT-in, duhet të bisedojnë me qytetarët e Mitrovicës së Jugut dhe të Veriut për rëndësinë e hapjes së urës.
“Ura duhet të hapet [për trafik] kur të arrihet një marrëveshje”, thotë Demhasaj.
Qytetarët në jug dhe në veri të urës e shohin ndryshe-ndryshe hapjen e saj.
Nga radhët e komunitetit shqiptar i thanë më herët REL-it se ura duhet të hapet, sepse do të kontribuonte në bashkëpunim dhe liri të lëvizjes, ndërsa në mesin e serbëve besojnë se kjo çështje mund t’i ngrejë tensionet etnike.
Miodrag Marinkoviq, nga Qendra joqeveritare për Veprime Afirmative Sociale, thotë se mandat i KFOR-it është sigurimi i paqes dhe stabilitetit në tërë territorin e Kosovës dhe se prania e tij në urë në vitet e fundit ishte garanci për këtë.
Ai thotë se “rezervimi” i KFOR-it, kur bëhet fjalë për hapjen e urës, mund të bëjë që autoritetet e Kosovës sërish të mos konsultohen me komunitetin që e prek vendimi i tyre.
“E vetmja mënyrë për ta hapur urën pa shkaktuar tensione, është që kjo të bëhet në një hapësirë simbolike, ku do të merrnin pjesë përfaqësuesit legjitimë të të dyja komuniteteve dhe ku do të arrihej një marrëveshje se si do të dukej gjithçka”, thotë Marinkoviq për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
Lista Serbe – partia kryesore e serbëve në Kosovë, e cila gëzon mbështetjen e Beogradit – u shpreh më herët kundër hapjes së urës mbi Ibër.
Sipas saj, një veprim i tillë synon “destabilizimin e mëtejshëm të situatës në terren”.
Lista Serbe, po ashtu, kërkoi nga bashkësia ndërkombëtare që “t’i thotë Kurtit se hapja e urës nuk mund të bëhet pa pëlqimin e serbëve që jetojnë në veri të Kosovës”.
Marinkoviq beson, gjithashtu, se hapja e urës mbi Ibër është një “akt simbolik i autoriteteve të Kosovës, për të treguar se kanë marrë kontrollin e veriut”.
In the four municipalities in the north of Kosovo - North Mitrovica, Zveçan, Zubin Potok and Leposaviq - the majority population is Serbian and they, for years, refuse to integrate into the Kosovo system.
"There are three or four bridges that people use to move from south to north. There are roads, people move. The main bridge has more symbolic value, because it was the focal point of the conflict between Serbs and Albanians. Therefore, it is closed. To achieve stability. If both parties are not involved in its opening now, there is a possibility that this stability will be damaged", says Marinković.
Who is responsible for opening the bridge?
In April of last year, the deputies of the North Mitrovica Municipal Assembly approved a decision to open the bridge over the Iber, which was then forwarded to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kosovo and the Ministry of Local Government Administration.
REL asked both of these ministries if and in what way the opening of the bridge over the Iber is being considered, but did not receive an answer.
The vice president of the North Mitrovica Municipal Assembly, Skënder Sadiku, said at the end of May that the central institutions, KFOR and the European Union are now responsible for the implementation of this decision.
He said that the local authorities in South Mitrovica must also agree with this decision.
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