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Kurti and Vucic agreed in Ohrid, REL: What are the existing obstacles in the Kosovo-Serbia agreement
In the late hours of March 18, the chief diplomat of the European Union, Josep Borrell, announced that Kosovo and Serbia have reached an agreement, after a long day of talks held in Ohrid, North Macedonia.
In fact, what the parties agreed on was an Annex, for the implementation of the Agreement towards the normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia, which the parties agreed on on February 27 in Brussels.
Although that agreement does not provide for the recognition of Kosovo's citizenship by Serbia, there are proposals for combating some obstacles that continue to exist in the relations between the two countries, since the declaration of Kosovo's independence in 2008.
In particular, the February agreement calls for the recognition of national documents and symbols, such as passports, diplomas, car license plates and customs stamps.
It is also foreseen that the parties have permanent diplomatic missions, do not obstruct each other's path towards the EU, and that Belgrade does not obstruct Kosovo's membership in international organizations.
In return, the branch of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Kosovo will have its status formalized.
The February agreement also supports the creation of the Association of municipalities with a Serbian majority, but without mentioning the association by name.
The text only mentions the creation of "a level of self-management of the Serbian community in Kosovo and the possibility of providing services in specific regions, including the possibility of securing financial support from Serbia and the creation of direct communication channels for the Serbian community with the Government of Kosovo ".
What does this mean?
In some respects, the agreement and accompanying annex – if fully implemented – could be a starting point for full normalization of relations between Pristina and Belgrade.
This means a de facto recognition of Kosovo's citizenship, and bringing both countries closer to European integration.
However, there are also three key issues:
Initially, neither the annex nor the agreement have been signed, which raises doubts about their validity.
Secondly, the annex does not mention much beyond the need for Kosovo to start working "immediately" on the formation of the Association of municipalities with a Serbian majority.
Third, there is not much threat to either side if things go unimplemented.
As a diplomat close to these issues told Radio Free Europe: "Carrots are not very tasty and sticks are not very heavy either."
The issue of whether a signature of the agreement is needed continues to be debated.
Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić has made it clear that he will not sign any document, dashing initial hopes in Brussels that the deal would be signed at an EU summit held last week in the presence of of all EU leaders.
Marrëveshja fillestare e Brukselit, e arritur nga të dyja palët më 2013, po ashtu nuk është nënshkruar, por të paktën në të janë vënë inicialet.
Duke folur për Radion Evropa e Lirë pas takimit, shefi negociator i BE-së, Mirosllav Lajçak, ka thënë se çfarëdo spekulimi nëse marrëveshja është apo jo e vlefshme, është “i pakuptimtë”, dhe ka pretenduar se dokumenti është zyrtar dhe obligues përmes njoftimit të bërë nga Borrelli në Ohër.
Lajçaku e ka pranuar, po ashtu, se është e mundshme që të arrihet pajtueshmëri për 12 pika të aneksit, mirëpo janë edhe gjashtë të tjera për të cilat palët nuk janë dakorduar.
Siç është përmendur më lart, theksohet se Prishtina duhet të nisë menjëherë punën për formimin e Asociacionit të komunave me shumicë serbe, mirëpo ende nuk ka asgjë konkrete se kur, shembull, mund të ndodhë njohja e përbashkët e pasaportave apo këmbimit të misioneve të përhershme.
A do ta bëjë Prishtina ndonjë hap pa marrë garanci për hapa reciprokë të Beogradit?
Kryeministri i Kosovës, Albin Kurti, mund t’ia atribuojë rritjes së tij politike qëndrimin kundër krijimit të çfarëdo asociacioni me bazë etnike, dhe shpesh e ka cituar nevojën për shmangie të një situate të ngjashme me atë në Bosnje-Hercegovinë.
Shefat negociatorë të të dyja palëve pritet të takohen sërish më 3 prill në Bruksel për të biseduar.
Kjo duhet të shërbejë si shenjë se marrëveshja do të funksionojë. Të gjithë sytë do të jenë te Serbia për të parë se si do të sillet në nivel ndërkombëtar në muajt në vijim.
Në marrëveshje përmendet zotimi i Beogradit që të mos kundërshtojë anëtarësimin e Kosovës në asnjë organizatë ndërkombëtare.
Testi i parë për këtë pikë do të jetë në samitin e Këshillit të Evropës që do të mbahet në Islandë në mesin e muajit maj – organizatë në të cilin Kosova ka vite që synon të anëtarësohet, por që Serbia reziston.
Megjithatë, çështje kyçe mbetet nisma për zbatim të marrëveshjes.
Aneksi bën thirrje për krijimin e një komiteti vëzhgues, të udhëhequr nga BE-ja, brenda 30 ditëve.
Mirëpo, në dokument nuk përmendet se çfarë fuqie do të ketë ky komiteti apo se kush do të jetë pjesë e tij.
Në Aneks, gjithashtu, përmendet se “çfarëdo dështimi për të përmbushur obligimet që dalin nga kjo marrëveshje, ky aneks, apo marrëveshjet e arritura në të kaluarën në kuadër të dialogut, mund të ketë pasoja negative për proceset e integrimit të këtyre dy shteteve në BE, si dhe në ndihmën financiare që e pranojnë prej BE-së”.
Kjo gjë mund të tingëllojë e ashpër, por në fakt nuk është.
Shtetësia e Kosovës nuk njihet as nga Bashkimi Evropian si tërësi dhe kjo gjë nuk pritet të ndodhë shpejt.
Për të arritur në këtë pikë, secili vend i bllokut evropian duhet ta njohë atë.
Në anën tjetër, bisedimet e Serbisë për anëtarësim në BE janë bllokuar për shkak të mospërshtatjes me politikat e Brukselit sa i përket luftës në Ukrainë.
Therefore, neither has much chance of being accepted into the EU in the coming years, and the EU has been reluctant to stop financial aid to the Western Balkan states, due to concerns that China and Russia could increase their influence in this region./ REL
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