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As tensions flare in East Asia, China's sanctions against Taiwan are a stark reminder to the European Union of how dependent it is on the island, and in particular on the small computer chips it produces.
China suspended some trade with Taiwan in response to US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taipei on Wednesday and staged military exercises.
China claims that Taiwan, a democratic island of 23 million people, is part of it. For now, China has limited its long-term retaliation to banning sand exports to the island, along with imports of citrus fruits, etc.
But the risk for Taipei and Western companies that depend on Taiwanese chipmaking is that Beijing's next measures will be much tougher, such as a full blockade or even a Chinese invasion.
Machinery and equipment accounted for almost 60 percent of EU imports from Taiwan last year. The biggest concern for European businesses would be the sudden cut in supplies of electronic chips, made by the world's largest semiconductor company: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC). The company captures more than half of the market and is said to have clients such as Apple and Qualcomm.
In a sign of the importance the US places on TSMC, Pelosi met with company chairman Mark Liu during her visit.
The problem for Europe is that it has built up its dependence on Taiwanese chips over many years, but a Chinese attack could instantly destroy a vital supply line with little or no warning.
So how can the EU protect itself from such a risk?
First of all, the bloc lacks the expertise that Taiwan has attracted. TSMC was founded in the late 1980s by Morris Chang, a former engineer at US-based Texas Instruments. Chang is a prime example of how Western tech companies have lost in the expertise that comes with a specialized process.
Problemi i dytë është natyra unike e çipave që mund të ofrojë TSMC. Kompania nuk është vetëm çelësi për pajisjet elektronike që aktualisht janë kudo të pranishme në telefonat inteligjentë ose laptopë, por tashmë po prodhon më shumë çipa të avancuar, si ato prej pesë nanometrash ose më të vegjël, të cilët do të jenë çelësi për drejtimin autonom.
BE-ja është, natyrisht, e vetëdijshme për grackat. “Është një sektor i cili është njëkohësisht kapital dhe njohuri intensive dhe i nënshtrohet evolucionit të shpejtë teknologjik. Prodhimi i çipave bëhet në një zinxhir furnizimi që është global, kompleks dhe, në disa segmente të rëndësishme, tepër i përqendruar”, tha një zyrtar i BE-së.
Pse Tajvani ka nevojë për Evropën
Tani, tensionet midis Kinës kontinentale dhe Tajvanit ngrenë pyetjen se si Pekini dhe Brukseli do të ecin përpara.
Roli vendimtar i TSMC nuk ka kaluar pa u vënë re në Kinën kontinentale. Në një fjalim në qershor, një ekonomist i lartë kinez i bëri thirrje hapur Pekinit që të "kapë" kompaninë.
Megjithatë, disa vëzhgues perëndimorë janë skeptikë se ky kërcënim do të materializohet duke thënë se thjesht nuk është në interesin e Kinës ta bëjë këtë, sepse TSMC mbështetet në kompani të tjera për ofrimin e pajisjeve, si kompania holandeze ASML.
Kjo është gjithashtu ajo që shefi i TSMC Liu tha në një intervistë të rrallë me CNN, duke paralajmëruar se kompania e tij do të ishte e pafuqishme nëse Kina pushton Tajvanin.
Hauser argumentoi se kjo i jep BE-së fuqi. "Ne kemi një mjet pazaresh si Evropa," tha ai. "Askush nuk mund të prodhojë çipa nën pesë nanometër në botë pa mjetet që prodhon ASML."
But the thought of the unthinkable scenario of a complete shutdown of Taiwanese chips will no doubt motivate European lawmakers and businesses to accelerate their existing plans to renew production of some chips and double Europe's market share in the global chain. of the value of semiconductors.
In February, the European Commission unveiled its €43 billion chip plans to lure some manufacturers into manufacturing commitments on the European continent. This is no easy task, as she must ensure that her state aid rules are not broken along the way.
Source: Politico
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