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Campaign Scandal: How Students Are Being Misused for Rama's Electoral Calendar
Qindra nxënës nga shkolla të ndryshme të vendit u bënë pjesë e kalendarit elektoral të kryeministrit Edi Rama në qarqe të ndryshme të vendit, duke ngritur shqetësime për keqpërdorimin e sistemit arsimor në favor të Partisë Socialiste në pushtet.
By Albina Hoxhaj, BIRN
On April 15, "Skënderbej" Square in the heart of Tirana was filled with hundreds of students from the capital's 9-year schools and their canvases in an activity titled "Europe in the Eyes of Children" - part of the Ministry of Education's "Art, Craft, Sport" program.
With bright colors on canvas, the students painted their vision for the country’s membership in the European Union. But there’s a problem; the activity took place during the campaign for the May 11 elections, and the stars of the show were Prime Minister Edi Rama and Education Minister Ogerta Manastirliu – both senior leaders of the Socialist Party’s electoral campaign.
Similar activities were later held in Durrës, Berat, Vlorë, Elbasan, Shkodër and Fier, becoming part of Prime Minister Edi Rama's campaign calendar in these cities - although officially, the Ministry of Education stated that the children's paintings were being made in function of the European Political Community Summit, which will be held on May 16 in Tirana.
Videos with the children and their colorful paintings were also posted on the pages of Prime Minister Rama and Minister Manastirliu on social networks and amplified by the interaction of the official pages of dozens of schools, education offices, and branches of the Socialist Party in various cities, generating hundreds of likes, comments, and shares on social networks.
According to Rigels Xhemollari from the organization "Civic Stability", this is a typical case of using the education system for campaigning.
"Such activities are seen within the framework of state involvement in the campaign, where the government uses its activities for electoral propaganda," said Xhemollari.
According to him, this practice brings several advantages for the ruling party; firstly, by using public money for its own campaign as well as amplifying the message through Rama's and Manastirliu's personal pages and their interaction with the pages of public institutions such as schools or education offices.
The Ministry of Education did not directly respond to the question about the use of public activities within the electoral campaign, but said through a spokesperson that all legal procedures had been followed to inform the ministry's structures or subordinate institutions to conduct the activities in accordance with legal obligations arising from the Constitution or the Electoral Code.
The Central Election Commission told BIRN that the Ministry of Education had reported the activities with the participation of the prime minister as “promotion of Arts and Crafts” and that, in terms of the topic, these activities do not constitute prohibited activities. However, the CEC has not yet analyzed them to see if there were any violations of legal provisions.
“Nëse aktivitetet e raportuara janë zhvilluar në kundërshtim me parashikimet ligjore të nenit 91, pika 2, të Kodit Zgjedhor dhe Vendimit nr. 9/2020, i Komisionit Rregullator, i ndryshuar, bazuar në raportet e monitorimeve ose në bazë të denoncimeve, KSHZ, i shqyrton këto veprimtari administrativisht dhe më pas vendos nëse janë konstatuar apo jo shkelje të ligjit,” tha KQZ.
Përdorimi i rrjeteve sociale
Maratona e vizatimit “Europa në sytë e fëmijëve” nuk është aktiviteti i vetëm i Ministrisë së Arsimit që ngre pikëpyetje për shkrirjen e kufijve mes burimeve publike dhe atyre partiake gjatë fushatës zgjedhore. Të dhënat e siguruara nga BIRN tregojnë gjithashtu për një angazhim kapilar të dhjetra shkollave dhe zyrave arsimore të vendit, të cilat përdorin faqet e tyre zyrtare në rrjetet sociale për të shpërndarë dhe pëlqyer postimet e ministres së Arsimit, Ogerta Manastirliu, njëherazi drejtuese politike e Partisë Socialiste për qarkun e Tiranës.
Përmes një udhëzimi të miratuar në mars, Komisioni Qendror i Zgjedhjeve u ndaloi funksionarëve publikë të çdo niveli që të përdornin direkt ose indirekt faqet zyrtare të institucioneve në rrjetet sociale për qëllime partiake apo elektorale.
Në kundërshtim me këtë udhëzim, llogaritë zyrtare të dhjetra shkollave dhe zyrave arsimore ndërveprojnë, pëlqejnë dhe shpërndajnë postimet elektorale të ministres Manastirliu.
BIRN monitoroi një duzinë rastesh, kur postimet partiake të ministres Manastirliu nga llogaria e saj personale në Facebook amplifikoheshin më pas nga faqet zyrtare të institucioneve arsimore.
Ndërkohë, “Qëndresa Qytetare” ka dokumentuar 36 raste shkeljesh nga institucionet vartëse të Ministrisë së Arsimit, për të cilat ka vënë në dijeni edhe Komisionin Qendror të Zgjedhjeve, duke kërkuar ndalimin e përdorimit të burimeve publike përmes sanksioneve.
Migen Qiraxhi nga “Qëndresa Qytetare” i tha BIRN se pasi iu drejtuan KQZ-së duke dërguar fakte, ky institucion hartoi një udhëzues të posaçëm për institucionet arsimore. Megjithatë, Qiraxhiu është i shqetësuar se masat administrative janë të papërfillshme për të kufizuar aktivitetin elektoral të mësuesve apo administratës në fuqi.
“Për fat të keq në Kodin Zgjedhor penalitet për këto shkelje janë shumë të ulëta, ku variojnë nga 10 dollarë në 1 mijë dollarë. Këto gjoba nevojiten të rishikohen dhe rriten për të garantuar mospërsëritjen e këtyre shkeljeve,” tha Qiraxhi.
Presion mbi mësuesit
Përveç aktiviteteve që përdoren si fasadë për fushatë apo angazhimit në rrjetet sociale, ekzistojnë shqetësime për presione direkte për mësuesit në favor të partisë në pushtet.
Nevrus Kaptelli, kreu i Sindikatës së Pavarur të Arsimit të Shqipërisë i tha BIRN se drejtuesit e institucioneve arsimore po i urdhërojnë mësuesit që të marrin pjesë në organizime të ndryshme apo të përfshihen në fushatë.
"Some of them, militants, including some school principals, have offered themselves to be used, as they feel obligated to the benefits that the government has offered them, to maintain their positions that are often undeserved," said Kaptelli.
Concerns have also been raised by promises made on the eve of the campaign to provide teachers with zero-interest loans or to increase their salaries - which are considered to create advantages for the ruling Socialist Party.
"What has been worrying for us, especially in the case of loans, is that we are not dealing with electoral promises, but with decision-making, which can bring direct advantages in the electoral process, by putting state resources at the service of these advantages," says Qiraxhi from "Civic Stability".
Even Kaptelli from the Independent Education Union says that politics cannot be played out with the great needs of teachers in the country.
"Salary increases and zero-interest loans cannot be used as tools for votes. They must be the subject of discussion with social partners, so that the concessional loans benefit the teachers who truly deserve them," said Kaptelli.
Regarding salary increases, Kaptelli complains that thousands of teachers have suffered group salary cuts following the government's decision in 2024 and despite the Union's demands, the Ministry of Education has not yet provided a solution.
"Increasing salaries in education is the duty of any political force that will govern after the elections, because education has become an unsolicited profession among young people and the number of teachers in the system, outside the profile, is constantly increasing," concluded Kaptelli.
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