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Accident on the Shkodër-Muriqan axis, two injured
Iran retaliates against US, attacks US air base in Qatar with missiles
KPA upholds dismissal of prosecutor Çlirim Sino
Abuse of tenders and falsification of documents, GJKKO gives sentences to 4 former officials (NAMES)
A 70-year-old man is found dead in the Buna River
Kosovo - far from the Middle East, but close to the consequences
At a time when the world is hanging in the balance due to the escalation of tensions in the Middle East and the possible consequences of a global-scale conflict, small states like Kosovo are faced with several fundamental questions: how prepared are they to face a crisis that could shake the most stable foundations of international security, and what concrete risks threaten them?
According to security expert Adrian Shtuni, the nature of a global crisis is such that no one remains immune to its consequences, but not everyone is affected equally.
“Kosovo is generally moderately vulnerable, but comparatively more so than other Western Balkan countries,” he says, citing economic, political and security reasons.
For international politics expert Gëzim Visoka, Serbia's continued hostility poses the greatest threat to Kosovo's stability - a danger that, in times of global crisis, can be amplified and exploited by actors with destabilizing interests.
What's happening in the Middle East?
For several days now, Israel has been launching intensive attacks on Iran. Its stated goal is to destroy Iran's nuclear program, which it sees as an existential threat to its security.
Iran has responded with attacks on Israeli targets and has warned of even harsher military responses.
The US has also been involved in this mess, having struck Iranian nuclear facilities in Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan.
US President Donald Trump has declared that "Iran, the bully of the Middle East, must choose peace. If it does not, the next attack will be bigger and easier."
Iran has vowed to retaliate, further exacerbating the situation and making the crisis unpredictable.
Economic consequences and security challenges for Kosovo
Adrian Shtuni, from the International Counterterrorism Center, emphasizes that Kosovo is particularly vulnerable to the economic consequences that this crisis could cause.
He explains that the situation would deteriorate significantly if Iran decides to close the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20 percent of global oil and natural gas consumption passes.
For a country like Kosovo, which has already experienced a significant increase in the price of electricity of 16% this year, "further increase would be a shock to the economy," Shtuni tells Radio Free Europe.
He underlines that, with an economy heavily reliant on imports and remittances - which account for around 13% of Gross Domestic Product - any shock to the global economy would immediately translate into pressure on Kosovar families.
“Gjithashtu, fakti që Kosova ka një deficit tregtar të konsiderueshëm, që në dhjetor të vitit 2024 u rrit me 17.5% krahasuar me një vit më parë, e ekspozon atë akoma edhe më shumë ndaj një krize globale, që do të rriste jo vetëm çmimin e energjisë, por edhe të ushqimeve dhe mallrave të konsumit, që vendi kryesisht i importon”, thotë Shtuni.
Eksperti me seli në Uashington paralajmëron se pasojat ekonomike nuk mund të shkëputen nga sfidat politike dhe të sigurisë.
Në kohë krizash, kur vëmendja e partnerëve strategjikë është e shpërndarë, ai thotë se Kosova rrezikon të dalë edhe nga radari i aleatëve të saj më të rëndësishëm.
Gëzim Visoka, profesor i Studimeve të Paqes dhe Konfliktit në Universitetin e Qytetit të Dublinit, ndan shqetësim të ngjashëm.
Ai thekson se krizat globale krijojnë vakume gjeopolitike që mund të shfrytëzohen nga aktorë destabilizues për të dobësuar Kosovën.
Visoka e sheh armiqësinë e vazhdueshme të Serbisë si “kërcënimin më të madh për stabilitetin e brendshëm të vendit”.
Ai, po ashtu, paralajmëron se varësia e theksuar e Kosovës nga prania ushtarake e NATO-s, e bën atë veçanërisht të cenueshme, në rast se Aleanca detyrohet të zhvendosë trupa drejt zonave më të nxehta të konfliktit global.
“Rreziqe të tjera mund të jenë sulmet e fshehta nga qeveri joperëndimore dhe grupe joshtetërore ndaj pranisë ushtarake të NATO-s dhe SHBA-së në Kosovë”, thotë Visoka për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
Në të njëjtën linjë, Shtuni shton se aktorët me qëllime jomiqësore ndaj Ballkanit Perëndimor, veçanërisht ata që tradicionalisht janë kundër anëtarësimit të vendeve të rajonit në BE dhe NATO, mund të shfrytëzojnë amullinë e krizave globale për të destabilizuar rajonin.
Sipas tij, këto kërcënime synojnë dy pika të dobëta, Bosnje e Hercegovinën dhe Kosovën, duke instrumentalizuar përçarjet dhe tensionet ndëretnike në këto dy vende.
Mungesa e integrimit ndërkombëtar, pengesë për menaxhimin e krizave
Të dy ekspertët theksojnë se izolimi ndërkombëtar e bën Kosovën më të pambrojtur ndaj krizave globale.
Mungesa e anëtarësimit në OKB, BE apo Interpol, thonë ata, e përjashton vendin nga mekanizmat kolektivë të reagimit dhe mbështetjes ndërkombëtare.
Kjo, sipas Shtunit, “përbën pengesë për bashkëpunimin sa më të fortë dhe efikas në përballjen me terrorizmin apo krimin kibernetik - probleme që mund të shtohen nëse kriza në Lindjen e Mesme përshkallëzohet më tej”.
Edhe Visoka paralajmëron se, përderisa Kosova mbetet jashtë organizatave ndërkombëtare vendimmarrëse, ajo nuk ka mundësi reale të ndikojë në proceset globale apo të mbrojë interesat e veta.
“Zëri i Kosovës mbetet kryesisht i padëgjuar”, thekson ai.
Çfarë mund të bëjë Kosova?
Radio Evropa e Lirë kontaktoi Qeverinë në detyrë të Kosovës për të pyetur nëse janë marrë masa konkrete për të mbrojtur ekonominë dhe sektorin e energjisë nga një krizë globale e mundshme, por nuk mori përgjigje.
In this challenging context, experts underline the urgent need to strengthen institutions and deepen regional and international cooperation.
Shtuni emphasizes that the fact that Kosovo, even more than four months after the elections, does not have a constituted assembly and functional government, severely weakens its capacity to face security challenges.
He calls this a "self-inflicted weakness" from a lack of political will.
"This constitutes the most damaging disarmament of leadership in Kosovo, disarmament from political accountability and practical thinking for compromise solutions. If there is no rapid awareness, this crisis risks bringing costly and long-term consequences for the country," says Shtuni.
Visoka also emphasizes the importance of building institutional stability and deepening security relations with Kosovo's key allies.
He adds that attention should also be focused on strengthening cybersecurity and creating platforms and mechanisms to avoid, as he says, "the risks that come from the breakdown of the international order, such as disruptions to international trade, energy, health, the environment, as well as cultural and religious conflicts."
Experience from the war in Ukraine
How global crises can directly affect even small and geographically remote countries like Kosovo was clearly demonstrated after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
Kosovo immediately faced rising electricity prices, rising inflation, and rising prices for basic products – direct consequences of the global supply crisis.
With an economy heavily reliant on imports and limited production capacity, the country had little room to mitigate the effects.
The government intervened with subsidies for certain categories of citizens, but the economic blow was felt widely.
The crisis also exposed fragility in the security field: Kosovo, still outside NATO, was left without full guarantees in a Europe that was entering a new phase of uncertainty.
In this situation, President Vjosa Osmani called for the acceleration of Kosovo's membership in NATO, warning that the lack of integration leaves the country vulnerable to Russian influences and regional tensions.
Today, Kosovo continues to remain outside NATO, the EU, Interpol, the United Nations, and other organizations, and the blocking of membership is mainly related to the lack of an agreement to normalize relations with Serbia.
"To restart the engine of integration into international organizations and benefit from the advantages they offer, Kosovo will need to adopt a more proactive and practical approach, without delay," Shtuni concludes. REL
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