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Disregard for environmental protection hurts Albania's hopes for EU membership

Against the backdrop of ongoing protests, the European Parliament's criticism this month of Albania's stance on environmental issues could signal difficulties for Tirana's EU integration ambitions.
On June 17, MEPs expressed “deep regret” over two laws that, according to critics, put the interests of elite tourism developers ahead of the well-being of protected natural areas.
The extension of the 2015 Law on Strategic Investments allows for “accelerated permitting procedures and a reduction in environmental control, which risk negatively impacting protected areas and other environmentally sensitive areas”, said Parliament, also calling for the repeal of amendments adopted in 2024 to the Law on Protected Areas, which, according to MEPs, “allow the development of large-scale tourist infrastructure within protected areas”, while weakening environmental oversight.
These two laws are key to the construction of a planned luxury resort in the Vjosa-Narte lagoon area on the Albanian coast, led by Jared Kushner, son-in-law of US President Donald Trump.
After protests erupted in Tirana, fueled by long-standing dissatisfaction with democracy and the rule of law, work to clean up the site was halted on June 4, although Rama was quoted by the Financial Times on Tuesday as saying he was confident the project would be carried out.
Rama has promised EU membership by 2030 and Albania is seen as one of the vanguard countries in the Western Balkans, along with Montenegro. According to experts, the perception that environmental protection is being ignored could damage its membership prospects.
Ermelinda Mahmutaj, a professor at the University of Tirana and a conservation expert, said that if the 2024 Law on Protected Areas is not amended, “this would pose a challenge to Albania’s integration process, because it creates inconsistencies with the obligations that Albania must fulfill under the EU acquis and with the future standards of the Natura 2000 network,” a network of protected natural areas within the European Union.
“In practice, if new investments are allowed today in areas that are later expected to be included in Natura 2000, Albania may face long-term consequences: loss of the ecological integrity of the areas, difficulties in meeting protection criteria after accession, as well as high political, economic, social and environmental costs for correcting or revising decisions taken today.”
Gledis Gjipali, drejtor ekzekutiv i organizatës joqeveritare Lëvizja Europiane në Shqipëri me seli në Tiranë, tha për BIRN: “Shqipëria është e detyruar, sipas qëndrimit negociues të Bashkimit Evropian, të shfuqizojë ndryshimet e bëra në Ligjin 21/2024 që dobësojnë mbrojtjen e mjedisit, jo më vonë se fundi i vitit 2027, në përputhje me objektivin e parashikuar nga Shqipëria për përmbylljen e negociatave të anëtarësimit.”
Dunat e rërës
Në vitin 2022, Shqipëria e zbuti nivelin e mbrojtjes për zonën Nartë–Pishë Poro, duke e kaluar nga statusi i “zonës së mbrojtur” në atë të “peizazhit të mbrojtur”; ndërsa në vitin 2024, ndryshimet ligjore hapën rrugën për ndërtime të lidhura me “turizmin elitar”, pavarësisht konflikteve të zgjatura ligjore për pronësinë dhe rëndësinë e kësaj zone për shpendët shtegtarë.
Në muajin maj, territori ku është planifikuar zhvillimi u rrethua dhe nisën punimet e pastrimit të zonës, të cilat shkaktuan dëme të dukshme përpara se ekskavatorët të ndalonin më 4 qershor. Euroneës raportoi se një zëdhënës i Komisionit Evropian kishte thënë se qeveria shqiptare e kishte siguruar Brukselin se punimet ishin “pezulluar”.
Taulant Bino, drejtues i Shoqatës Ornitologjike të Shqipërisë, tha se dëmet e shkaktuara tashmë janë të konsiderueshme.
“Sikurse shihet në terren, janë hapur kantiere në zona që më parë ishin të mbuluara me bimësi; mes tyre ka edhe pisha të vjetra të mbjella dekada më parë, por ndërhyrja më e rëndë është ajo në dunat e rërës,” tha Bino për BIRN.
“Ato janë habitatet më të rëndësishme të zonës, janë habitate të krijuara përgjatë shekujve dhe mund të shkatërrohen shumë shpejt nëse kjo lejohet, dhe pikërisht kjo ka ndodhur. Nëse nuk merren masa për rikuperimin e tyre, ato mund të zhduken përgjithmonë,” paralajmëroi ai.
Më 15 qershor, komisionerja e BE-së për Zgjerimin, Marta Kos, deklaroi se Komisioni Evropian kishte marrë “garanci nga qeveria shqiptare se do të kryhet një vlerësim i plotë i ndikimit në mjedis dhe se do të respektohen standardet evropiane të mjedisit”.
Kryeministri Edi Rama, ndërkohë, i ka cilësuar më herët shqetësimet si të pabazuara.
“Si mund të zhvillojmë një projekt që lidhet me peizazhin natyror dhe të mos respektojmë standardet e BE-së?” deklaroi ai më 2 qershor. Të mërkurën, ai u citua nga Financial Times të ketë shprehur bindjen se projekti do të ecë përpara, duke iu referuar gjithashtu raportimeve mbi natyrën e dyshimtë të disa prej individëve dhe kompanive të përfshira.
“Pjesa e rëndësishme është që investitorët nuk janë kriminelë dhe nuk janë të përfshirë në pastrim parash,” tha Rama. “Ata janë investitorë të mëdhenj. Kjo është një mundësi historike për Shqipërinë.”
Ndryshim i ligjit?
German ecologist and conservationist Ulrich Eichelmann accused the government of trying to buy time.
“I think that the 2024 Law on Protected Areas conflicts with EU legislation and this is not a matter of opinion or belief, but a fact. Both the Commission and Parliament have made it clear that the accession process will not move forward unless this law is amended,” he told BIRN.
"And, according to the information I have, the Albanian government and the Ministry of Environment have agreed to change it, but they are trying to take advantage of the time until a new law comes into force, to cause as much damage as possible."
“Today we can clearly see the consequences of this approach. The damage they have caused in three weeks by bulldozing dunes that could have taken a hundred years to form and develop. However, the damage that has been done can be repaired, so it is not irreversible.”
Klodiana Beshku, a professor at the University of Tirana and an expert on the European integration process, said that "there will be a long debate whether this area belongs to the category of 'protected landscapes' or 'specially protected areas' and whether it will be included in the EU's Natura 2000 network, which includes areas with rich biodiversity and ecosystems, where human intervention is not allowed."
“The point is that national legislation aligned with EU legislation does not have retroactive effect. Therefore, for the time being it is better not to intervene in special areas with rich biodiversity in Albania.” /BIRN
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