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The Serbian Security and Intelligence Agency (BIA) – the main civilian intelligence institution – has long been at the center of public debate: is it a mechanism for state protection, or an instrument of power for political control?
Established in 2002 as a successor to previous security structures, the BIA has a clear legal mandate: information gathering, counterintelligence, and protection of Serbia's constitutional order.
However, the way this mandate is implemented in practice has drawn constant criticism from experts, activists and international organizations. One of their main concerns is what they say is the BIA's interference in political life in Serbia.
"We wouldn't be living in a country like this if the Security and Information Agency were to deal with what the law says," lawyer Božo Preljević, who after the fall of Slobodan Milošević in Serbia was Minister of Interior in the interim government of that country, tells Radio Free Europe's "Ura" program.
"Not only the BIA, but also other intelligence services are mainly concerned with preserving the power of the ruling party," he adds.
This view is also shared by Predrag Petrovic, director of research at the Belgrade Center for Security Policy.
"For many years, the BIA has been mainly concerned with protecting the regime and people close to the ruling party," he says.
"Enemy number 1"
Since late 2024, Serbia has been facing massive anti-government protests, led by students, which erupted after a tragic incident at the Novi Sad Railway Station, where 16 people lost their lives.
Students have leveled accusations at the government, attributing part of the responsibility for the event, mainly due to the lack of transparency in signing contracts with construction companies.
Petrovic says that the BIA's approach towards these students is worrying, as it treats them as "internal enemies."
He refers to a propaganda film, broadcast during the celebration of BIA Day in October last year, where the student movement was presented as a destructive element and where it was emphasized that the agency, together with the president of the state, Aleksandar Vučić, had managed to prevent a so-called "color revolution".
According to him, this clearly shows that for the current regime, students have become "enemy number one".
"I have no illusions that the BIA would be even more repressive towards students if Serbia were not in Europe and surrounded by members of the European Union and NATO," says Petrovic.
Does the BIA spy on citizens?
"Of course," says Petrovic.
"Inside it there is a monitoring center, equipped with digital surveillance technology, including special programs for tracking mobile phones," he explains.
Sipas pretendimeve të organizatës Amnesty International, kujton Petroviq, BIA ka zhvilluar bashkëpunim edhe me shërbimet ruse të sigurisë.
Dhe, gjatë këtyre proceseve të mbikëqyrjes, sipas tij, shpesh nuk respektohet detyrimi ligjor që përgjimi të bëhet vetëm me urdhër gjykate.
“Së voni kishim rastin e dy studentëve nga Novi Pazari, të cilët u arrestuan bazuar në një bisedë të përgjuar, e që, sipas avokatëve të tyre, nuk ishte subjekt i urdhrit të gjykatës”, thotë Petroviq.
Prelleviq shpjegon se, në parim, nuk është e ndaluar që pjesëtarët e BIA-s t’i legjitimojnë qytetarët gjatë protestave, por shton se kjo çështje në Serbi nuk është e rregulluar në të njëjtën mënyrë si në shumë vende evropiane.
Sipas tij, në shumicën e shteteve evropiane legjitimimi i qytetarëve lejohet vetëm në raste kur ekziston një arsye e qartë apo një shkelje e kryer.
“Te ne është e mundur që qytetarët të legjitimohen kudo”, thotë Prelleviq. Ai kritikon ashpër mënyrën se si është zhvilluar BIA, duke theksuar se ajo nuk është konceptuar si polici sekrete, por si institucion për mbrojtjen e integritetit territorial, luftën kundër krimit ekonomik e ekologjik dhe kundërzbulimin.
Ai thotë se problemi qëndron në faktin se, në vend të një shërbimi të kontrolluar dhe të balancuar, është krijuar një strukturë me fuqi të pakontrolluar që mund të përdoret edhe për frikësim, ndërsa mungesa e kontrollit parlamentar dhe të brendshëm e bën atë të rrezikshme për qytetarët dhe të përshtatshme për abuzim nga pushteti.
“Kur nuk ka kontroll parlamentar dhe të brendshëm, atëherë nuk ka fare kontroll mbi shërbimin e sigurisë. Atëherë, ka një shërbim sigurie të përshtatur për ata që janë më të prirë ta uzurpojnë pushtetin”, thotë Prelleviq.
Kujt i raporton BIA sipas ligjit?
Petroviq thekson se BIA, në teori, duhet t’i përgjigjet Qeverisë dhe të jetë nën kontrollin e një “rrjeti institucionesh”, si Kuvendi, Avokati i Popullit dhe Komisionari për informacione publike, por në praktikë ky sistem, sipas tij, është dobësuar, për shkak të rrëshqitjes së Serbisë drejt autoritarizmit.
Të dy ekspertët thonë se qytetarët nuk kanë asnjë detyrim ligjor t’u përgjigjen të ashtuquajturave “biseda miqësore” me BIA-n, edhe pse në praktikë ato thirrje prezantohen si vullnetare dhe pa pasoja.
Por, fakti që në këto biseda zakonisht thirren persona që kritikojnë ose kundërshtojnë pushtetin, ngre dyshime serioze për qëllimin e tyre, sipas Prelleviqit.
“Qartazi, bëhet fjalë për abuzim të shërbimit të sigurisë”, pohon edhe Petroviq.
Ai vlerëson se BIA, në praktikë, i shërben udhëheqjes së partisë në pushtet, presidentit Aleksandar Vuçiq dhe rrethit të tij më të afërt, duke u përdorur për mbrojtjen e pushtetit dhe interesave të tyre.
Ndërsa, Prelleviq shkon edhe më tej, duke thënë se agjencia i shërben “vetëm një njeriu” dhe nevojave të tij, duke i konsideruar qytetarët “peng” të këtij sistemi.
"I think Serbia is writing a book about the abuse of technology, finance and security services to keep just one man and one family in power," Prellević concludes./REL
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