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Who is Ramzan Kadyrov of Chechnya and the role he is playing in the Ukraine war?

Just two days after the start of the Russian occupation of Ukraine, Ramzan Kadyrov, president of the Chechen Republic, announced that his forces had been deployed on the battlefield.
Since then, the Chechen leader has posted on social media regular updates and videos of Chechen soldiers suspected of taking part in military activities on Ukrainian territory.
On March 14, he uploaded a video of himself to a room full of soldiers, saying he was with Chechen forces near the capital, Kiev. The allegation was not independently verified, and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said he had "no information" about Kadyrov's stay in Ukraine.
This was not the first time that Chechen forces have been deployed in conflicts involving the Russian military. They also took part in the 2008 war in Georgia, in the first phase of the conflict in Ukraine in 2014-15, and in the Syrian war.
Observers, however, say that despite their reputation as fierce fighters, Chechen forces sent to Ukraine have not played a significant role on the battlefield. Their presence is perceived as an exercise in public relations, an exercise that reflects both Kadyrov's political stance and the Kremlin's propaganda needs.
Who is Ramzan Kadyrov?
Kadyrov came to power in 2007, three years after his father, former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, was assassinated. Both fought in the First Chechen War (1994-96) on the side of pro-independence forces, but in the Second Chechen War (1999-2000) they sided and helped the Russian army defeat them. As a result, Chechnya lost its short-lived independence and became one of the regions of the Russian Federation.
Since coming to power, Kadyrov has wiped out political opposition and curtailed human rights and freedoms. He has been charged with ordering torture and extrajudicial killings. A number of assassinations of Russian journalists and human rights activists have been linked to Chechnya, including the 2006 assassination of Anna Politkovskaya and the 2009 assassination of Nataliya Estemirova, both of whom had criticized Kadyrov.
A number of his Chechen critics seeking asylum abroad have also been attacked and some have been killed, including Sulim Yamadayev, a former Chechen military commander and Kadyrov's former bodyguard, Umar Israilov.
Në vitin 2017, Shtetet e Bashkuara vendosën sanksione ndaj presidentit çeçen për shkak të historisë së tij të të drejtave të njeriut. Departamenti i Thesarit gjithashtu e lidhi atë me vrasjen e Boris Nemtsov në vitin 2015, një lider i shquar i opozitës dhe kritik i presidentit rus Vladimir Putin.
Represioni i ashpër i Kadyrov në Çeçeni ka shkaktuar pak reagim nga Moska. Sipas gazetarit dhe komentatorit politik rus Konstantin von Eggert, kjo është për shkak të marrëveshjes politike që Putin bëri me Kadyrov.
“Rusia nuk i fitoi dy luftërat çeçene. Rusia u mund”, tha Eggert.
Gjatë gjithë mandatit të tij 15-vjeçar si president i Çeçenisë, Kadyrov është paraqitur si një garantues i paqes, duke goditur separatistët dhe duke nisur operacione "anti-terrorizmi". Ai gjithashtu ka demonstruar rregullisht përkushtimin e tij ndaj Putinit në retorikën dhe veprimtarinë e tij politike.
“Roli i Kadyrovit që kur u bë president ka qenë të tregojë besnikëri ndaj Putinit… dhe të shërbejë si një hajdut, një kërcënim i vazhdueshëm për armiqtë e Putinit”, tha Eggert.
Në këmbim, Republika Çeçene ka gëzuar subvencione të konsiderueshme nga qeveria federale ruse, duke shkuar deri në 87 për qind të buxhetit të saj, të cilat nuk janë reduktuar edhe kur masat shtrënguese ishin vendosur në të kaluarën.
Fondet federale gjithashtu kanë shkuar rregullisht në Fondin Akhmad Kadyrov, së bashku me kontributet e detyrueshme mujore nga pagat e punonjësve shtetërorë dhe privatë çeçenë. Fondi, i cili është sanksionuar nga Thesari i SHBA-së, shihet si mjeti financiar i Kadyrov dhe është përdorur për një sërë projektesh personale, duke përfshirë gjoja pagesën e aktorëve perëndimorë për të marrë pjesë në ditëlindjen e tij.
"Kadyrovtsy" në Ukrainë
Vendosja e trupave çeçene në Ukrainë ka qenë një akt tjetër besnikërie nga Kadyrov ndaj Kremlinit. Në videon e tij të 26 shkurtit, ai tha: “Presidenti mori vendimin e duhur dhe ne do të zbatojmë urdhrat e tij në çdo rrethanë”.
Kadyrov ka pohuar se vullnetarët çeçenë të gatshëm për të shkuar në Ukrainë janë në dhjetëra mijëra. Një raport nga transmetuesi shtetëror rus RT raportoi se rreth 12,000 trupa çeçene ishin përgatitur për t'u vendosur në Ukrainë, por nuk ka asnjë konfirmim se sa janë aktualisht në terren.
Sipas Harold Chambers, një analist i Kaukazit të Veriut, forcat çeçene të lidhura me Kadyrov - të njohura gjithashtu si "Kadyrovtsy" - ishin pjesë e kolonës që u nis për në Kiev dhe ndodhen gjithashtu në qytetin e rrethuar Mariupol.
“Kadyrovtsy në Ukrainë u janë dhënë objektiva konvencionale (p.sh. neutralizimi i udhëheqjes ukrainase, kundër kryengritjes, ndalimi i dezertimit), ndërkohë që kanë luajtur një rol vendimtar në fushatën fillestare të luftës psikologjike të Putinit”, tha Chambers.
Edhe pse Kadyrov ka thënë se forcat çeçene po marrin pjesë në luftime, pretendimi është kundërshtuar nga separatistët e mbështetur nga Rusia dhe disa vëzhgues.
Në një postim të 15 marsit në mediat sociale, Igor Girkin, një ish-komandant i forcave separatiste të mbështetura nga Rusia në Donetsk, tha se ushtarët çeçenë nuk kishin marrë pjesë në luftimet në Mariupol. Në një intervistë të 16 marsit, Alexander Khodakovsky, komandanti i batalionit Vostok, pjesë e forcave separatiste të Donetsk, tha se ushtarët çeçenë erdhën në Mariupol të papajisur.
Ruslan Leviev, themeluesi i Ekipit të Inteligjencës së Konflikteve, një kolektiv kërkimor që përdor të dhëna me burim të hapur për të përcaktuar aktivitetin ushtarak rus, tha se nuk kishte parë asnjë provë për pjesëmarrjen e forcave çeçene në luftime.
"They stand behind the front line and make 'beautiful videos', shouting 'Akhmat - Force!' and 'Allahu Akbar!' ", he said.
Other Chechen forces are in Ukraine that have joined the Ukrainian side. They are part of the volunteer battalions Dzhokhar Dudayev and Sheikh Mansur, who also engaged in fighting in eastern Ukraine in 2014-15. They consist of Chechens who openly oppose Kadyrov, but according to Chambers, so far have not faced "Kadyrovtsy" directly on the front line.
Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion is likely to be deployed to fight in the east, while Sheikh Mansur's fighters are part of the forces defending Kiev, he said.
Source: AL Jazzera
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