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After limited success, new parties turn their eyes back to the electoral system
Three new parties challenged the duopoly of Albanian politics and secured parliamentary mandates in the May 11 elections outside the two major camps, but their electoral success was limited by the provisions of the Electoral Code. By Thursday afternoon, the small parties had collectively received over 150,000 votes, but only three of them managed to translate them into parliamentary mandates.
The coalition “Nisma Shqipëria Bëhet” of Adriatik Lapaj and Endrit Shabani, the party “Mundësia” of Agron Shehaj and the “Lëvizja Bashkë” of Arlind Qori will be parliamentary parties outside the two major camps. Although all three are united by an anti-establishment spirit, the young people rejected the idea of a union before the elections and often fought against each other during the campaign.
They read the thousands of votes cast for their political bids as public trust to be represented in the Assembly, a representation that will anyway be limited due to the regional proportional system.
Adriatik Lapaj from the "Albania Becomes Initiative" told BIRN that their objective will be to change the Electoral Code in order to open the competition.
"The electoral system holds the country's democratization hostage, because through artifice it does not allow the political will of citizens to be reflected," said Lapaj.
Agron Shehaj also sees the electoral system as a penalizing factor for his party, which was created 10 months ago.
"The system is built to make change impossible, we need a more representative code," said Shehaj, describing his change as a political objective.
On the other hand, Shehaj believes that a pre-election alliance between the new parties was pointless and each of them had to understand the public's support.
"We did not reject the coalition, we rejected the merger. We needed to show public opinion how much support we had, and the first elections for us showed that we achieved results beyond the expectations of public opinion and the two major parties that were attacking us," he added.
Meanwhile, Dashamir Shehi, a long-time politician who led the "Right for Development" coalition but failed to be represented in the Assembly, sees the success of young people as a good thing for politics.
"They are young, energetic," said Shehi, as he predicted their further political growth.
But Shehi expresses regret that the votes cast for alternatives other than the SP and the DP failed to be adequately represented in the Assembly and believes that the mandate calculations would be different if there were a pre-election alliance between them.
According to Shehi, "they would have more mandates today if they had brought other small parties closer to them on the basis of proximity and ideology."
The need for new alternatives
The Chairman of the Mundësia Party, Agron Shehaj, during the debate on the votes in CEAZ no. 40
Partitë e reja edhe pse u futën në një garë të pabarabartë të burimeve financiare, njerëzore e mediatike, shënuan një shtrirje kombëtare duke marrë vota në çdo qark, një tregues që për njohësit e politikës, lidhet me nevojën e elektorarit për alternativa të reja politike.
Luljeta Progni, gazetare politike, e quan këtë rezultat një moment të rëndësishëm për skenën politike pas një kohe të gjatë të mbizotërimit të partive të vjetra.
“Edhe pse fiton pak mandate, ky rezultat mund të konsiderohet një sukses domethënës në kontekstin aktual politik,” thotë Progni, duke shtuar se “kjo dëshmon nevojën e elektoratit për një alternativë të re përkundrejt dy partive të hershme PS dhe PD që kanë mbajtur të polarizuar politikën për 35 vjet”.
Progni e përshkruan rrugën e tyre deri në 11 maj si shumë të vështirë.
“Një nga pengesat kryesore ishte vetë ambienti shoqëror dhe politik, i cili tradicionalisht ka qenë skeptik dhe shpeshherë mosbesues ndaj alternativave të reja,” thekson ajo duke sjellë shembuj të iniciativave të mëparshme që kanë dështuar të hynë në parlament.
Edhe për Eduart Gjokutajn, themelues i organizatës së edukimit financiar “Altax”, vota për këto parti tregon një rritje të interesit të votuesve për alternativa që flasin për drejtësi sociale, shtet garantues, dhe reforma ekonomike gjithëpërfshirëse.
“Vota për partitë e reja në zgjedhjet e vitit 2025 tregon një dëshirë për ndryshim dhe përfaqësim të alternativave të reja, veçanërisht për ato që prekin drejtësinë sociale dhe rishikimin e sistemit tatimor,” vëren Gjokutaj.
Megjithatë, sipas tij edhe pse këto parti arritën të tërheqin rreth 8% të votuesve, ato u penalizuan nga shpërndarja joproporcionale e mandateve sipas sistemit zgjedhor, që favorizon partitë më të mëdha.
Garë e pabarabartë
Dy drejtuesit e koalicionit Nisma “Shqipëria Bëhet”, Adriatik Lapaj dhe Endrit Shabani
Partitë e reja bënë fushatë në një terren të dominuar nga liderët e dy partive kryesore dhe një garë të pabarabartë nga pikëpamja e burimeve financiare, strukturave patronazhiste, përdorimit të adminstratës dhe ndikimit mediatik nga dy partitë e mëdha.
Nga ana tjetër, ato garuan me një sistem zgjedhor të miratuar nga PS-PD dhe që perceptohet si i pabarabartë për lëvizjet e reja, pasi nuk reflekton vullnetin e votuesve, por favorizon partinë që merr më shumë vota.
Të gjitha këto shihen prej ekspertëve si elementë dekurajues dhe penalizues për partitë e reja.
Sipas Prognit, një sërë faktorësh kanë qenë në disfavor të alternativave të reja, që nga rrjetet tradicionale të pushtetit dhe ndikimit në elektorat nga dy partitë mëdha, sistemi elektoral e deri tek mungesa e përvojës së tyre elektorale.
“Por pjesa më sfiduese”, sugjeron ajo, “është padyshim fushata agresive e mazhorancës, ku e gjithë makineria e pushtetit, administrata, ishte në funsksion të votës për të rifituar mandatin qeverisës”.
Progni adds that other hindering factors were internal, such as a lack of political experience, still fragile organizational structures, and limited space in the media.
While for Gjokutaj, their biggest penalty was the legal formula for distributing mandates, which does not really reflect the percentage of votes they won.
"The distribution of votes of small forces has not resulted in fair representation, and for this reason they managed to win only a few mandates," Gjokutaj analyzes, emphasizing that the favoring of the dominant party in terms of the number of mandates by this system has limited the ability of new forces to obtain more deputies.
“This disproportionate distribution of mandates has created a visible barrier for new parties that have managed to gain considerable support in some districts, but which have ultimately been left with limited representation in parliament,” he concludes./ BIRN
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