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Heat doesn't just tire your body — it can slow down your processing speed, disrupt your concentration, and make you more irritable than usual. Why does this happen, and what are some simple ways to plan your day and sleep so your brain can keep up?
When scorching temperatures hit, many of us feel more than just the physical effects of the heat. The heat wave can also affect our mental performance, leaving us sluggish and distracted.
We spoke to cognitive rehabilitation therapist Natalie Mackenzie, who explained some of the reasons behind this heat-related 'mental fog' and shared some helpful tips on how to cope with it.
What is mental fog?
'Mental fog is not a medical diagnosis, but some people describe it as cloudy thinking, an inability to make decisions, difficulty concentrating or simply feeling like you're not 'in shape' – and it can manifest differently in different people,' says Mackenzie.
'Mental fog is often associated with menopause and perimenopause, fatigue, or hot flashes.'
Why are cognitive functions, such as memory and concentration, often affected by heat?
During a heat wave, the brain's hypothalamus redirects energy and blood flow to the skin to cool the body, Mackenzie explains.
'Our hypothalamus, which is the brain's thermostat, constantly monitors body temperature and ensures that when the temperature rises, the body cools down through sweating,' notes Mackenzie.
'Heart rate also increases during heat, which diverts a lot of energy and blood flow away from the brain, and this can affect cognitive function. Things like attention and concentration, which are at the bottom of the cognitive pyramid, tend to be affected first.'
This can have knock-on effects on other cognitive functions, such as our memory.
'This creates problems with filtering, distraction and focus, which then affects short-term memory, which is the next layer of the pyramid,' says Mackenzie. 'This happens because if people can't focus and sustain attention, they can't store information in working memory, they can't retain it or manipulate it to move it into long-term memory.'
She adds that people may also have problems with decision-making and executive functions, which are higher cognitive functions, in the heat.
'People can't weigh information equally, processing speed slows down, and there's often a knock-on effect across different cognitive domains,' says Mackenzie.
Can heat also affect our mood?
‘Disa njerëz vërejnë se, për shkak se vendimmarrja e tyre është e dëmtuar ose trupi ndjehet nën stres, kjo mund të ndikojë në reagimet emocionale’, vëren Mackenzie. ‘Në nxehtësi, rrjedhja e gjakut dhe trupi ynë fokusohen në instinktet e mbijetesës për t’u ftohur, gjë që mund të na çojë në një gjendje më emocionale.
‘Njerëzit shpesh ndihen më të acaruar dhe potencialisht më reaktivë e impulsivë në nxehtësi, sepse nuk po i përdorin funksionet ekzekutive aq mirë sa zakonisht.’
Çfarë roli mund të luajë gjumi në këtë?
Nxehtësia mund të ndikojë negativisht në gjumin tonë, gjë që mund të ketë efekte të rëndësishme në humor dhe funksionin kognitiv ditën pasuese.
‘Ne kemi nevojë të shohim një rënie të lehtë të temperaturës së trupit për të hyrë në fazën e gjumit të thellë që na nevojitet për gjumë rikuperues, por kur është nxehtë kjo mund të jetë problem’, thotë Mackenzie.
‘Më pak kohë në këtë fazë të gjumit të thellë ndikon në arkitekturën e gjumit, gjë që më pas ndikon në konsolidimin e kujtesës dhe mund të ndikojë në procesin e pastrimit të mbetjeve glinfatike [i cili e mban trurin “të pastër” duke larguar mbetjet gjatë gjumit, sipas Cleveland Clinic]. Më pas, ditën tjetër, shfaqen efektet e kombinuara të ndikimit kognitiv të gjumit të dobët.’
A luan rol dehidratimi në këtë?
‘Edhe një ndryshim i vogël në hidratim, mjafton të kalosh në dehidrim të lehtë, ndikon ndjeshëm në funksionin kognitiv, si vendimmarrja dhe përqendrimi’, thekson Mackenzie.
Ja këshillat kryesore të Mackenzie për mënyrën si të parandalohen dhe menaxhohen këto efekte…
Qëndroni të hidratuar
‘Është e rëndësishme të mos harrohet hidratimi’, thotë Mackenzie. ‘Gjatë valës së të nxehtit ne djersitemi më shumë, ndaj nuk bëhet fjalë vetëm për ruajtjen e sasisë normale të ujit, por edhe për zëvendësimin e ujit që humbasim përmes djersitjes.’
Rregulloni orarin
‘Nëse është e mundur, konsideroni ndryshimin e orarit tuaj. Për shembull, filloni punën më herët gjatë ditës kur është më freskët’, sugjeron Mackenzie.
Ndryshoni mjedisin
‘Përpiquni të qëndroni larg zyrave të nxehta nëse është e mundur dhe të qëndroni në mjedise më të freskëta’, rekomandon Mackenzie.
Përshtatni detyrat më të vështira me orët më të freskëta të ditës
‘Mendoni si ta planifikoni ditën tuaj rreth vendimmarrjes’, këshillon Mackenzie. ‘Për shembull, rekomandohet të bëhen detyrat më kërkuese kognitive në mëngjes ose në mbrëmje të hershme, kur është më freskët.
‘Përpiquni të shmangni ose të reduktoni marrjen e vendimeve të rëndësishme gjatë orëve të pikut të nxehtësisë.’
Bëni një dush pak më të freskët
‘Ulni temperaturën e trupit me një dush pak më të freskët, jo me ujë shumë të ftohtë’, rekomandon Mackenzie. ‘Ftohja e kyçeve të duarve dhe qafës mund të ndihmojë në uljen e reagimit të hipotalamusit.’
Krijoni një mjedis të freskët për gjumë
'Try to stay cool at night,' advises Mackenzie. 'Things like fans, no heavy sheets and light cotton can help protect your sleep and help you get more deep sleep.'/ DPA News
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