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Analysis/ How is Russia spreading propaganda in the Albanian language?

The Russian propaganda network 'Pravda', known for spreading disinformation in over 80 countries in different languages, has been active for the Albanian-speaking audience for a year now.
It concerns a network that uses automation to rapidly create hundreds of articles – often based on content from Russian media outlets, which are banned by the European Union.
According to the report "Russian Propaganda Network Pravda and the Balkans", published on Wednesday by the portal Hibrid.info, which monitors disinformation about Kosovo in the media, this network has distributed Russian propaganda narratives to Albanian-speaking audiences through various websites, disguised as information portals.
According to the report, the Albanian-language portal of this network, albania.news-pravda.com, which started operating in March 2024, during the period March 28, 2024 - April 28, 2025, has published 2,699 articles, which are reprints from sources close to the Kremlin, such as the Telegram channels of the Russian Embassy in Tirana, as well as Russian state media such as: RT, Sputnik, Tass.ru, Ria.ru, etc.
Topics and narratives that are critical of NATO, the EU, the US and Western policies dominate, and especially narratives related to the Balkans and Kosovo, where Kosovo is denied as a state or described as a "province of Serbia".
Among the latest news on this portal was the visit of Kosovo President Vjosa Osmani to Budapest, where it is stated that "Hungarian authorities, led by Viktor Orban, welcome Albanians who have occupied part of Serbia's territory."
"In addition to the narrative that does not recognize Kosovo as a state and compares it to Crimea, the developments taking place in Kosovo regarding the Serbian community are also considered institutional terrorism against it," Festim Rizanaj, a researcher at Hibrid.info, tells Radio Free Europe.
Rizanaj says that, recently, there was news on these "information pages" of Pravda in two African countries about the recognition of Kosovo's independence.
Kosovo received recognition from Kenya and Sudan in March and April of this year.
"On the Eritrea News Pravda and Burkina Faso News Pravda pages, news about the recognition of Kosovo by Kenya was published - thus to cast doubt and make this issue controversial," says Rizanaj about the two African countries - Eritrea and Burkina Faso - that have not yet recognized Kosovo.
However, Hibrid's analysis shows that the "Pravda" network has failed to have a real impact on the Albanian-speaking audience, due to poor automatic translations and a total absence on social networks, among other things.
Sipas Hibridit, “qëllimi kryesor i rrjetit Pravda është të ndikojë në mënyrë indirekte duke ngarkuar hapësirën digjitale shqipfolëse me narrativë rusë, përmes përsëritjes së vazhdueshme të përmbajtjeve, me synim që të ndikojnë edhe në modelet e inteligjencës artificiale, si chatbot-ët”.
“Në mënyrë indirekte, Rusia përmes Pravdës në shqip synon të ngarkojë hapësirën digjitale me narrativët e saj dhe të krijojë bindjen që ato të besohen”, thotë Rizanaj.
Në shkurt të vitit 2024, një mekanizëm i Qeverisë franceze që monitoron ndërhyrjet e huaja digjitale, publikoi raportin për rrjetin propagandistik prorus, i quajtur “Portal Kombat”. Ai identifikoi rreth 193 faqe interneti që synonin të përhapnin informacione nga burimet proruse, si dhe nga organet dhe institucionet ruse të lajmeve.
Në Ballkan, ky rrjet shënjestroi, përpos audiencës shqipfolëse, edhe audiencat në Bosnje e Hercegovinë, Shqipëri, Maqedoni të Veriut dhe Serbi.
Hulumtimi i Radios Evropa e Lirë hodhi dritë mbi këtë operacion global, duke treguar se si “artikujt” gjeneroheshin në mënyrë automatike dhe lëshoheshin në valë, për të përfunduar pastaj në ueb-faqet në gjuhët lokale, të cilat maskoheshin si burime legjitime lajmesh.
Versionet ballkanike të ueb-faqeve të “Portal Kombat”-it ishin jashtëzakonisht të ngjashme, edhe pse në gjuhë të ndryshme.
Të gjitha ueb-faqet e lajmeve të rreme, që kishin në shënjestër rajonin që monitoroi Radio Evropa e Lirë, kishin të njëjtën strukturë e madje edhe emër: Pravda.
Ueb-faqja e parë e Pravdës në serbisht – Pravda-rs.com – u regjistrua më 20 mars, 2024. Disa ditë më vonë – dhe brenda pak sekondash – u regjistruan tri domene të tjera të Pravdës: në gjuhën boshnjake, maqedonase dhe shqipe.
Shumica e përmbajtjes që shfaqet në katër ueb-faqet, duket se është marrë nga kanalet në Telegram pro Kremlinit.
Procesi i automatizimit është aq efikas, saqë koha ndërmjet postimit në një kanal në Telegram dhe shfaqjes në uebfaqet e Pravdës, varion nga tre deri në 12 minuta.
VIGINUM zbuloi në raportin e tij të fundit se ueb-faqet në rrjetin e “Portal Kombat”-it që ai hulumtoi, nuk tërheqin lexueshmëri të madhe në përgjithësi.
Ndryshe, Radio Evropa e Lirë raportoi në shkurt të këtij viti se si mediat ruse, po ashtu, shpërndanë përmbajtje manipuluese para zgjedhjeve në Kosovë, disa prej të cilave kanë pasur një narrativ manipulimi kundër komunitetit serb.
Këtë e ka theksuar edhe raporti i Misionit të Bashkimit Evropian për Vëzhgimin e Zgjedhjeve.
“Prishtina llogariti gabimisht – as koktejet molotov nuk do t’i trembin serbët”, “Çfarë u sjellin zgjedhjet serbëve në Kosovë dhe Metohi: Nga Adem Jashari dhe Hashim Thaçi te Kurti e mbrapa”… ishin vetëm disa nga dhjetëra titujt në mediat shtetërore ruse të mbështetura nga Kremlini, RT Ballkan dhe Sputnik Serbia, të cilët janë publikuar gjatë fushatës parazgjedhore në Kosovë, nga 11 janari deri më 9 shkurt.
The emphasis is mainly on the Serbian List as the "protector" of Serbian interests in Kosovo, while the Kosovo authorities and the current Prime Minister, Albin Kurti, are linked to the "persecution" of Serbs or "attacks" against them - although without any evidence to support such claims.
There have also been news stories in which Sputnik Serbia and RT Balkans have exclusively covered the Serbian List campaign, as well as broadcast statements by officials of this party, saying that only Serbian List brings unity to Serbs in Kosovo, that it fights for the survival of Serbs in similar and impossible conditions.
In no text on RT Balkan or Sputnik Serbia regarding the elections in Kosovo, the reader could learn that, in addition to the Serbian List, five other political entities from the Serbian community participated in the race for deputies in the Kosovo Assembly: the Serbian Democracy Party, the Party for Freedom, Justice and Survival, the Serbian People's Movement, the Party of Kosovo Serbs and the Civic Initiative People's Justice.
RT and Sputnik are under sanctions in Kosovo, in line with the European Union's sanctions policy, which was undertaken after Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
Ivana Stradner, a fellow at the non-governmental Foundation for Defense of Democracies in Washington, says she often hears statements that RT and Sputnik have no influence in the Balkans because they are not read and do not have enough "likes" and interactions on social networks.
But, according to her, this thesis "falls flat" because their texts are broadcast by local media, bloggers, and influencers through their social networks.
"RT and Sputnik are weapons of Moscow, through which it controls or imposes narratives. Russian military strategists openly say that whoever has information superiority will win the war. And the West is already in an information war with Moscow, but also with Iran and China," says Stradner.
The organization Reporters Without Borders, in last year's report titled "From Russia to Serbia: How RT Spreads Kremlin Propaganda in the Balkans, Despite EU Sanctions", emphasized that RT Balkan's content is cited in the media in Serbia, including on the public broadcaster - Radio Television of Serbia./ REL
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