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The conflict over Vlora airport, the next test for the business climate in Albania
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The conflict over Vlora airport, the next test for the business climate in Albania

The clash over one of Albania's major infrastructure projects is turning into a new test of the credibility of the country's institutions, precisely at a time when Tirana is trying to accelerate its path towards membership in the European Union by 2030.
At the center of the debate is the Vlora International Airport , a concession project that the government of Prime Minister Edi Rama has repeatedly presented as a key element for Albania's economic development and its European ambitions.
The airport was expected to open a new avenue for international connections to Albania’s Adriatic coast. But instead of being completed, the project has remained unfinished, with the opening deadline, set for February 2026, now over. Meanwhile, the two project partners are battling in Albanian courts for control of the company, with one of them claiming the judicial system has been used against him.
The investor with 98% of the shares loses control to the partner with 2%.
The concessionaire company Vlora International Airport Sh.pk (VIA) is majority owned by the Swiss company Mabco Constructions SA , which has 98% of the shares and has been the main financier of the project, as well as the main contractor for the construction.
The remaining 2% belongs to the Albanian company 2A Group Sh.pk , which was initially involved in the project for the runway works and not as a strategic investor.
According to Mabco, this ownership relationship has been overturned through legal proceedings in Albania. The company says that in August 2025 it discovered that 2A claimed to have acquired 47% of VIA shares , based on a share transfer agreement that Mabco considers invalid and unauthorized.
According to the Swiss company, both the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy and the National Business Center have confirmed that no request or approval has been made for such a transfer, a procedure that according to the concession agreement is necessary for the change of ownership to have legal force.
However, Albanian courts have imposed a series of interim measures, often without first hearing the company, suspending Mabco's voting rights in VIA.
Mabco claims that each time it has won an appeal against these measures, another interim decision by a first-instance court has reinstated the restrictions.
Më 26 maj 2026, Mabco fitoi në Gjykatën e Lartë, por vetëm pak ditë më vonë, sipas saj, 2A siguroi masa të reja sigurie nga një gjykatë më e ulët, duke bllokuar sërish marrjen e kontrollit operacional nga investitori zviceran.
Sipas kompanisë, rezultati praktik është që një aksioner minoritar me 2% të kompanisë ka arritur të largojë nga drejtimi një investitor me 98% të aksioneve, duke përdorur sistemin gjyqësor si mekanizëm.
Qeverisja e bllokuar, projekti i pezulluar
Pasojat e konfliktit janë ndjerë edhe në terren. Mabco pretendon se është përjashtuar nga drejtimi i kompanisë VIA, i është mohuar hyrja në kantier dhe përfaqësuesit e saj janë larguar nga objekti në prani të zyrtarëve të Ministrisë së Infrastrukturës.
Sipas saj, edhe kompania DAA International, e kontraktuar për certifikimin dhe përgatitjen operacionale të aeroportit, është penguar të hyjë në kantier. Ndërkohë, pajisjet kundër zjarrit të nevojshme për certifikimin e aeroportit kanë qëndruar për muaj të tërë të bllokuara në doganë.
Mabco ka kërkuar vazhdimisht një auditim të pavarur ndërkombëtar, për të përcaktuar faktet financiare dhe kontraktuale të konfliktit. Sipas kompanisë, një kërkesë e tillë do të ishte praktikë normale në një mosmarrëveshje të kësaj përmase për një projekt strategjik.
Por këto kërkesa nuk janë marrë parasysh dhe, sipas Mabco-s, Ministria e Infrastrukturës dhe Energjisë, si partner i shtetit në koncesion, nuk ka ndërhyrë në mënyrë domethënëse për zgjidhjen e konfliktit gjatë pothuajse një viti.
Për këtë arsye, Mabco ka depozituar një njoftim zyrtar mosmarrëveshjeje ndaj shtetit shqiptar, bazuar në marrëveshjen dypalëshe për mbrojtjen e investimeve mes Shqipërisë dhe Zvicrës.
Konsultimet kanë nisur, por pala shqiptare deri tani e ka konsideruar çështjen si një konflikt privat mes aksionerëve dhe jo si një problem që kërkon ndërhyrje shtetërore.
Një model i përsëritur?
Konflikti për aeroportin e Vlorës vjen në një kohë kur Shqipëria është përballur edhe më parë me përplasje mes investitorëve të huaj dhe institucioneve shtetërore.
Rasti i biznesmenit italian Francesco Becchetti, investimet e të cilit në media dhe energji në Shqipëri u përfshinë në hetime penale, sekuestrime pasurish dhe heqje licencash pas përplasjes me qeverinë Rama, përfundoi me një vendim të arbitrazhit ndërkombëtar ICSID, ku Shqipëria u urdhërua t’i paguante atij më shumë se 100 milionë euro për shkelje të detyrimeve ndaj investitorit.
Edhe kompania çeke e energjisë CEZ humbi licencën e shpërndarjes së energjisë në vitin 2013 pas një konflikti rregullator, duke çuar në një proces arbitrazhi ndërkombëtar që u zgjidh më vonë, por që ndikoi në perceptimin e investitorëve për Shqipërinë.
The article also raises questions about the history of the 2A Group company . The company was founded by Valon Ademi , a former honorary consul of Albania in Kosovo, who is also the legal representative of the Kosovo construction company Alko-Impex , majority owned by his father.
According to the article, the Albanian branch of Alko-Impex has won 52 local public contracts worth around 25 million euros and has faced public accusations of tender irregularities and document falsification, including a contract for the construction of a segment of the Tirana Ring Road worth around 450 million euros.
The project has also been implicated in one of Albania's largest corruption investigations. SPAK accused former Deputy Prime Minister Belinda Balluku in October 2025 of interfering in public procurement procedures for several road projects. Parliament subsequently refused to lift her immunity, a decision that was criticized by European officials.
Why it matters to Brussels
The article emphasizes that the conflict over Vlora airport does not necessarily prove that it is about anything more than a commercial dispute between shareholders.
However, the combination of several factors – a foreign investor with a majority stake excluded from control through repeated court decisions, the lack of independent verification, and the state’s lack of commitment to resolving the crisis – is seen as precisely the kind of institutional uncertainty that European officials have raised as a concern in Albania’s integration process.
As Tirana aims for EU membership within this decade, such cases are expected to be closely followed in European capitals, not just as a conflict over an airport, but as a test of whether Albanian courts, regulatory institutions and administration can guarantee equal treatment for foreign investors.
For the moment, Vlora airport remains unfinished and Mabco's investment continues to be, in practice, outside its control./ Eureporter.co
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