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Analysis: How can Russia's new defense minister change the course of the war in Ukraine?
Russian President Vladimir Putin has begun his fifth presidential term in a rare government shakeup, a decision analysts have seen as necessary to manage a long and costly war against Ukraine and the fallout from Moscow's escalating confrontation. with the West.
On May 12, Putin fired Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu — considered among the Russian president's closest aides, and mentioned as his potential successor — and replaced him with First Deputy Prime Minister Andrei Belousov, the economist 65-year-old, who previously served as Minister of Economic Development and is known as the person who centralizes Putin's impulses.
By moving a man who has overseen an entire bloc of economic ministers to the Defense Ministry's cabinet, Putin is signaling the priority he places on the war in Ukraine and increasing efforts to challenge the West, despite challenges with which he faces.
This is a message that Putin has emphasized in many speeches since the start of Russia's war in Ukraine, in February 2022, especially in recent months.
"The proposal to appoint one of the Kremlin's leading economists to the Ministry of Defense could mean that Putin aims to win the war in the factories of the military-industrial complex as well as in international markets. Something like that makes sense because the economic bloc, in general, has been more effective during the war than the security bloc," said Aleksandr Baunov, an analyst at the Carnegie Institute, in a post on Telegram.
"The strategy for victory will not be developed through military mobilizations and penetrations, but through the application of slow pressure on Ukraine, through the great strength of Russia's military-industrial complex and economy, which are working better, in all directions." he added.
Kirill Martynov, editor-in-chief of Novaya newspaper, has said that Belousov's appointment shows that Putin is trying to include the economy in the military sector - even more than it is now.
"Belousov's main idea is economic mobilization in the service of Putin's goals," Martynov told Current Time, the Russian-language television network run by Radio Free Europe and Voice of America.
The nationalist ideologue of the extreme right, Aleksandr Dugin, has congratulated Putin on the decision taken, considering it a "decisive step towards the Government of victory".
Many nationalists who support Russia's war in Ukraine have sharply criticized Shoigu for the way he has managed the conflict.
Belousov është pjesë e ekipit menaxhues të ekonomisë ruse që shumë vjet, përfshirë angazhimin si këshilltari kryesor i Putinit për fushën e ekonomisë në periudhën 2013-20.
Në vitet 2000, ai është parë si kundërshtar i ministrit liberal të Financave, Aleksei Kudrin, pasi i ka kundërshtuar shumë iniciativa të Kudrinit për privatizim, dhe ka qenë në krye të përpjekjeve për të çuar shumicën e fitimeve prej eksporteve të naftës dhe gazit në arkat e shtetit.
Një burim qeveritar i ka thënë rrjetit mediatik The Bell, më 2018, se Belousovi është ekonomisti i vetëm në Qeverinë ruse që e ka mbështetur aneksimin e Gadishullit ukrainas të Krimesë më 2014.
Ky burim e ka përshkruar Belousovin si “statist të përkushtuar” që beson se Rusia është e rrethuar prej “armiqve”.
Në vjetët e fundit, ai e ka mbikëqyrur një projekt kombëtar të “sistemeve ajrore pa pilotë”, çka ka ndikuar në rritje të prodhimit të dronëve ushtarakë në Rusi.
Zëdhënësi i Kremlinit, Dmitry Peskov ka thënë më 12 maj se emërimi i Belousovit si ministër i Mbrojtjes, do të thotë se detyra kryesore e tij është “integrimi i ekonomisë së bllokut të sigurisë në ekonominë e shtetit”.
Sipas Peskovit, buxheti i Rusisë ka qenë gati i përafërt me atë të Bashkimit Sovjetik të vitet 1980, kur shpenzimet për ushtri dhe agjenci të sigurisë kanë përbërë 7.4 për qind të bruto prodhimit të brendshëm (GDP).
Aleksandra Prokopenko, ish-analiste në Bankën Qendrore të Rusisë dhe tani hulumtuese në Institutin Carnegie, ka shkruar në X – platformë e njohur më parë si Twitter – se Belousovi është “njohës i mirë i çështjeve komplekse ushtarake” dhe “ka besime ortodokse”.
Sipas saj, ai është “100 për qind njeri i Putinit”.
“Putin është i vetëdijshëm që lufta nuk do të përfundojë shpejt”, ka thënë Mark Galeotti, analist rus për politika dhe siguri, në disa përgjigje për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
“Teksa synon mandat të gjatë – dhe këtë e shohim në retorikën e tij, por edhe në klimën brenda aparatit qeveritar – kjo është luftë që do të fitohet në masë të madhe në prodhimin industrial. Dhe këtu është i mirë Belousov”.
Puna e tij do të jetë “që të transformojë Rusinë në një shtet, në të cilin ekonomia ushtarake është motor për gjithçka”, ka thënë analisti politik Ivan Preobrazhensky për Shërbimin rus të Radios Evropa e Lirë.
Emërimi i Belousovit ka qenë befasi, mirëpo analistët kanë spekuluar që pozita e Shoigut, 66-vjeçar, ka qenë secilën herë e më e dobët prej kur Rusia ka dështuar të shënojë fitore të shpejtë në Ukrainë, në ditët e para të luftës.
Ai dhe gjenerali Valery Gerasimov, 68-vjeçari që e ka pozitën e shefit të Shtabit të Përgjithshëm të ushtrisë ruse, kanë qenë shënjestrat kryesore të një rebelimi të shkurtër të mercenarëve të grupit Wagner, në krye me Yevgeny Prigozhinin, në qershor të vitit 2023.
Shoigu është përballur edhe me një goditje tjetër muajin e kaluar kur zëvendësi i tij Timur Ivanov, është arrestuar nën dyshimet për korrupsion.
Putin has asked Shoigu to lead the Security Council, replacing him with Nikolai Patrushev, whose new appointment has not been announced.
Shoigu is deeply disliked by Russian military troops in Ukraine, Galeotti said.
"Well, on the other hand, Shoigu is a friend, a close friend of Putin, and Putin is surprisingly loyal to him," added Galeotti.
Shoigu's new engagement and the appointment of an economist as defense minister may mean that professional military officials will have to step up control over the military aspect of the war in Ukraine.
Something like this could also pave the way for Gerasimov's replacement, Galeotti said.
"Gerasimov has proven that he is not doing a good job and is not liked in the position of the chief of the General Staff of the army", he said.
"He enjoys even less sympathy than Shoigu. I wouldn't be surprised if someone else is in that position."
Many of Ukraine's pro-war bloggers have cheered the latest developments, interpreting them as a fight against corruption within the Ministry of Defense and the promise of increased military engagement in Ukraine and beyond.
"The opportunity has finally come to get rid of the names of the era of [former president Boris] Yeltsin and create a central military plan on the eve of the great war with Western Europe," blogger Dmitry Konanykhin said in a post on Telegram./ REL
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