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VOA: Greenland reviews political agreement between US and three Pacific island states
Greenlandic representatives in the United States recently met with at least one ambassador from the Pacific island nations, also known as Oceania, to learn more about a political agreement that some believe could create an opportunity for the Arctic island and Washington, Voice of America has learned.
President Donald Trump has repeatedly expressed his interest in purchasing or taking control of Greenland, a semi-autonomous territory of Denmark rich in natural resources.
Trump has pointed out the island's strategic importance and position in the Arctic Ocean where Russia and China are rapidly advancing.
But the US president's comments have been met with opposition from the island's residents as well as political leaders in Denmark and Europe.
Greenland representatives declined to comment to VOA about the meeting, which focused on a pact the three Pacific island nations have with Washington – known as the Free Association Agreement, or 'COFA'.
The agreement provides the United States with military access to three strategic Pacific islands – the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau – in exchange for economic aid.
Jackson Soram, ambassador of the Federated States of Micronesia to the United States, told VOA that discussions took place in late January and focused on fundamental issues such as "economic assistance provisions and those on security and defense."
Mr. Soram said he met with representatives from Greenland and the Faroe Islands, another self-governing Danish territory.
Alexander Gray, former chief of staff at the National Security Council during Mr. Trump's first administration, who was involved in Pacific Island affairs, told VOA that he encouraged the ambassadors of these islands to hold these meetings.
"Greenland people want independence from Denmark," Gray said in an emailed response. He is currently a partner at American Global Strategies.
"An independent Greenland, with a small population and the second-lowest population density on the planet, would very quickly be dominated and its sovereignty undermined by Beijing and Moscow," he added.
Russia has reopened bases in the region even as Beijing has invested more than $90 billion in infrastructure projects in the Arctic Circle. Both the United States and Denmark have military bases in Greenland.
Mr. Gray said that Moscow and Beijing's dominance of the Arctic poses "a unique strategic threat" to the United States.
Ai shtoi se një COFA “do të lejonte Groenlandën të ruajë sovranitetin e saj, ndërkohë që do të lejonte SHBA-të të sigurojë që sovraniteti të mbrohet realisht”.
Kryeministrja e Danimarkës Mette Frederiksen ka thënë vazhdimisht se Groenlanda “nuk është në shitje”.
Por të hënën, ajo tha se Kopenhaga mirëpret investime shtesë ushtarake të Shteteve të Bashkuara në ishullin strategjik.
“Pra, nëse kjo ka të bëjë me garantimin e sigurisë në këtë rajon, ne mund të gjejmë një rrugë për të bërë përpara“, tha ajo.
Marrëveshja në fushën e mbrojtjes SHBA-Groenlandë
Disa analistë thonë se as Uashingtoni dhe as Groenlanda nuk kanë nevojë për një marrëveshje si COFA për të rritur praninë ushtarake të Shteteve të Bashkuara në këtë ishull.
Në vitin 2004, Shtetet e Bashkuara, Groenlanda dhe Danimarka nënshkruan Marrëveshjen Igaliku për të reduktuar praninë ushtarake të Shteteve të Bashkuara në Groenlandë në një bazë të vetme ajrore, bazën ajrore Thule, e cila është riemërtuar në Baza Hapësinore Pitfuffik.
Ajo i siguron Uashingtonit mbrojtje nga raketat si dhe mundësi për të vëzhguar hapësirën.
Marrëveshja e vitit 2004 parashikon që “çdo ndryshim i rëndësishëm lidhur me operacionet ose objektet ushtarake amerikane” në Groenlandë të bëhet përmes një procesi konsultimi mes Uashingtonit, Nuukut dhe Kopenhagenit.
“Uashingtoni mund t’i arrijë objektivat duke bashkëpunuar me Groenlandën dhe Danimarkën”, shkroi Otto Svendsen, studiues pranë Qendrës për Studime Ndërkombëtare dhe Strategjike, në faqen e internetit të kësaj qendre, muajin e kaluar.
Gjatë një takimi informues nga Instituti Danez për Studime Ndërkombëtare, në vitin 2022, u vu në dukje se marrëveshja COFA ka krijuar një varësi ekonomike mes Ishujve Marshall dhe Shteteve të Bashkuara, pasi kontributet amerikane përbëjnë rreth 70 për qind të Prodhimit të Brendshëm Bruto të Ishujve Marshall.
Kjo është e kundërta e asaj që udhëheqësit e Groenladës thonë se duan.
Një ligj i vitit 2009, i quajtur Akti për Vetëqeverisjen e Groenlandës, hartuar nga Nuuk dhe Kopenhageni, përcakton hapat që duhen ndërmarrë- për një Groenlandë të pavarur, për çka është i nevojshëm referendumi.
Në fjalimin e mbajtur për Vitin e Ri, kryeministri i Groenlandës Mute Egede tha se “periudha para zgjedhore, me mbështetjen qytetare, duhet të përdoret për realizimin e këtyre hapave”, për të bërë të mundur mbajtjen e një referendumi gjatë zgjedhjeve parlamentare në prill.
Një anketim i vitit 2019 sugjeroi se më shumë se dy të tretat e qytetarëve të Groenlandës duan që të vijë një moment që Groenlanda të jetë e pavarur. Megjithatë, në një sondazh të publikuar në janar nga dy gazeta në Danimarkë dhe Grenlandë, 85 për qind thonë se nuk duan të jenë pjesë e Shteteve të Bashkuara. Sidoqoftë, 55 për qind, e shohin interesin e Presidentit Trump ndaj Groenlandës si një mundësi.
Zoti Grey i tha Zërit të Amerikës se Shtetet e Bashkuara, Danimarka dhe Grenlanda duhet të hyjnë në diskutime trepalëshe për marrëveshje.
“By working together, Washington, Copenhagen and Nuuk can find common ground and move forward towards a post-independence agreement that works for all parties,” he said in an emailed response.
In 2010, Greenland told the United Nations that it was considering the idea of negotiating independence through a "free association" with Denmark.
Prime Minister Egede has stated that he is willing to meet with President Trump, but has said that "we don't want to be Danish, we don't want to be American."
Ambassador Soram said he is trying to bring together ambassadors from the Palau archipelago and the Marshall Islands to participate in additional meetings with Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Denmark./VOA
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