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The conflict between Israel and Iran floods the Albanian media with fake news
A series of articles with sensational and alarmist headlines were published on Monday on more than a dozen Albanian-language online sites, including the Albanian Telegraphic Agency (ATAH), claiming that Pakistan would use atomic bombs against Israel if the latter attacked Iran with them.
The Albanian articles mainly referred to the British tabloid Daily Mail, while ATSH cited an Indian online site as a source. Some of these texts, which appear to have been circulated in copy-paste mode, were updated a few hours later to reflect changes in the Daily Mail article, after Pakistan denied the threat.
However, both the British tabloid and the Albanian-language media that republished them – including publications in Kosovo and North Macedonia – stuck to the same bombastic headline, which warned of a nuclear war, using phrases such as: "The world is going crazy" or "The apocalyptic threat."
The news had as its sole source one of the senior Iranian military officers, and his statement seemed to be part of Tehran's propaganda to create the idea of a front of Islamic states against Israel.
According to media and disinformation experts, the distribution of this propaganda information – by one side or the other in the conflict – is indicative of systemic weaknesses and the media's attraction to 'clickbait' headlines that generate reactions mainly on social networks.
"The media in Albania easily fall prey to such news, not only due to the lack of professional verification of sources and rigorous fact-checking, but also due to structural and systemic problems ," said Blerjana Bino, executive director of the SCiDEV center.
Israel opened a new chapter in its long-running conflict with Iran on Friday, when Tel Aviv launched a series of air strikes targeting Tehran's nuclear program and its top generals. Iran has responded by attacking Israel with ballistic missiles.
The reciprocal air and missile attacks, which entered their fifth day on Tuesday, have left hundreds dead and wounded. They come as tensions between the two countries have risen over Iran's advancing nuclear program, which Israel sees as an existential threat.
This is not the first time that Albanian media outlets have fallen prey to war propaganda from the conflicting parties. As a BIRN and SCiDEV study on fake news related to the war in Ukraine showed, the lack of editorial policies and efforts to generate clicks mean that much of this news is easily spread in Albanian-language online media.
“Duke qenë se lajmet e rreme krijohen shpesh për t’u shpërndarë në mënyrë virale në rrjetet sociale, ato bëhen tërheqëse për ripublikim nga media që ndjekin tituj ‘karrem’ dhe klikime, në vend të fakteve të verifikuara dhe informacionit të thelluar”, shkruhet në studim.
Isa Myzyraj, kryetar i Aleancës për Media Etike, i tha BIRN se kjo situatë vjen për shkak të mungesës së “kapaciteteve dhe vullnetit të mediave për verifikimin e fakteve”.
Ai shton se situata mund të përmirësohej nëse mediat shmangnin burimet tabloide.
Emirjon Senja, gazetar dhe trajner për dezinformimin, thekson se lajmet e rreme në media shqiptare nuk qarkullojnë për arsye ideologjike, por shumica e rishpërndarjeve bëhen për qëllime përfitimi.
“Besoj që shumica e mediave dhe gazetarëve që rishpërndajnë lajme të tilla e bëjnë këtë për qëllime tërësisht financiare, përmes reklamave në platforma të ndryshme”, tha ai.
Edhe Blerjana Bino i tha BIRN se rastet e tilla janë të përsëritura tashmë në kontekstin e konfliktit mes Izraelit dhe Iranit dhe vijnë si pasojë e problemeve të brendshme të mediave shqiptare
“Këto probleme lidhen me mungesën e modeleve të qarta të financimit që inkurajojnë cilësinë, varësinë e tepruar nga reklamat dhe klikimet, si dhe me kufizimet në burime njerëzore dhe teknologjike brenda redaksive”, tha Bino.
Ajo shton se Shqipëria nuk ka imunitet ndaj propagandës, pavarësisht burimit. Duke analizuar lajmin mbi kërcënimin bërthamor të shpërndarë gjerësisht të hënën, Bino tha se qëllimi është përhapja e një narrative destabilizuese.
Ajo vë në dukje se, ndryshe nga aktorë të tjerë, Irani mbështet drejtpërdrejt dhe tërthorazi disa media në gjuhën shqipe, duke targetuar veçanërisht Shqipërinë.
“Përmes këtyre mjeteve, Irani kërkon të krijojë konfuzion, të dobësojë lidhjet strategjike të Shqipërisë me Perëndimin dhe të ndikojë në stabilitetin e brendshëm të vendit”, theksoi Bino.
Media iraniane ose pro-iraniane në gjuhën shqipe përfshijnë agjencinë ‘Pars’ dhe portali Gazeta Impakt.
Megjithatë, propagandë shpërndahet dhe nga armiqtë e regjimit. Sipas Isa Myzyrajt, gazetarëve u dërgohen me e-mail apo mjete të tjera komunikimi, video në shqip të prodhuara me Inteligjencë Artificiale (IA) nga MEK, grupi opozitar i muxhahedinëve iranian i strehuar në Manëz të Durrësit.
Videot e krijuara me IA shpërndahen edhe nëpërmjet platformave sociale.
“Profile në rrjetet sociale që mbështesin narrativën pro-Iranit apo pro-Izraelit po shpërndajnë lajme të pavërteta, të cilat duken si pjesë e fushatave më të mëdha të propagandës së strukturuar”, tha Emirjon Senja.
Sipas tij, këto postime shfrytëzojnë kontekstin e luftës në Rripin e Gazës – i cili e ka polarizuar komunitetin ndërkombëtar, përfshirë edhe Shqipërinë, duke bërë që palët të pozicionohen dhe të shpërndajnë narrativat përkatëse pa verifikim.
"Recently, many AI-generated videos have been circulating on the X platform that claim to show the destruction caused by Iranian missiles in Tel Aviv," Senja said, adding that, in addition to the public, in some cases the victims of these posts have also been journalists themselves./ BIRN
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