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Independent journalism and freedom of expression in Albania is under constant threat, while the media are often captured by narrow political and economic interests.
This conclusion is highlighted by a report recently published by two independent centers that deal with the study of the media, which have summarized with concern the increase in lawsuits and attacks against journalists.
The report published by the Center for Science and Innovation for Development (SCiDEV) and the Observatory of the Balkans and Caucasus Transeurope (OBCT) highlights the disturbing fact of increasing lawsuits against journalists.
Thus, according to the report, during the past year, until July 2024, 43 lawsuits against journalists or media workers were reported, where 38 of them were registered in the Court of Tirana.
At the same time, during this period, there were 28 cases in the Appeal and two more in the Supreme Court.
This atmosphere has negatively affected the quality of investigative journalism, as many media outlets are under pressure to cover or not cover certain stories.
“A large number of lawsuits against journalists have been used as a tool to silence them. "Courts are often influenced by politics and business, making legal protection of journalists extremely difficult," the report said.
Albania does not have an electronic registry for cases against journalists, although the current system of the Court of Tirana allows such a categorization, as explained by the High Judicial Council.
In their report, SCiDEV and OBCT consider self-censorship as one of the most disturbing issues of media freedom in the country.
"Journalists face forced self-censorship, as they are often afraid of the consequences that reporting critical of the government or big business could have," the report states.
According to the report, 94% of the main media in Albania are controlled by a small number of owners with strong political and economic connections.
This concentration of ownership has negatively affected editorial independence, creating an environment where news coverage is influenced by the commercial or political interests of the owners.
The report states that political pressure on the media has increased significantly in recent years. Journalists and newsrooms often face verbal attacks, threats and outright harassment by officials.
The report cites that more than 70% of journalists surveyed admit to self-censoring to avoid jeopardizing their professional positions or to protect themselves from legal and political repercussions.
A specific case included in the report is that of investigative journalist Elvis Hila, who has faced physical attacks and direct threats from local politicians after publishing an article that revealed corrupt schemes in local government units.
Sulmet fizike dhe verbale ndaj gazetarëve janë gjithashtu në rritje.
Në vitin 2023, Rrjeti i Gazetarëve të Sigurt dokumentoi 24 raste të sulmeve kundër gazetarëve dhe profesionistëve të medias, 9 prej të cilave ishin sulme të drejtpërdrejta ndaj disa gazetarëve apo grupeve të profesionistëve të mediave. Gjatë vitit 2024, në periudhën janar-korrik janë regjistruar 19 raste.
Raporti nënvizon se ka një mospërputhje të dukshme në numrin e raportuar nga institucionet me atë të policisë që raporton 5 raste sulmesh në vitin 2023 dhe prokuroria që raporton 7 raste.
“Kjo mospërputhje nënvizon nevojën për regjistrim dhe publikim sistematik dhe të saktë të të dhënave për sulmet ndaj gazetarëve dhe punonjësve të medias si nga policia ashtu edhe prokuroria”, thuhet në raport.
Një tjetër shqetësim madhor janë pengesat për gazetarët që duan të ushtrojnë gazetarinë investigative. Raporti përmend që qasja në informacion mbetet e vështirë, dhe gazetarët përballen me një burokraci të rëndë kur përpiqen të marrin informacione publike nga institucionet shtetërore.
Për më tepër, gazetarët që raportojnë për korrupsionin dhe abuzimet e pushtetit shpesh përballen me ndëshkime të ndryshme, duke përfshirë paditë e shumta ligjore.
Raporti zbulon se vetëm 15% e kërkesave për informacion të bëra nga gazetarët janë pranuar brenda afatit ligjor. Për më tepër, shumë nga informacionet e dhëna janë të pjesshme ose të manipuluara, duke e bërë të vështirë për gazetarët të kryejnë një analizë të plotë dhe të saktë të çështjeve të ndjeshme publike.
Në një zhvillim të ri, media online dhe rrjetet sociale po luajnë një rol gjithnjë e më të rëndësishëm në informimin e publikut.
Megjithatë, raporti shpreh shqetësime për dezinformimin dhe mungesën e transparencës së shumë mediave online. Mungesa e rregullimit efektiv të këtyre mediave ka sjellë një rritje të lajmeve të rreme dhe manipulimit të opinionit publik.
Më shumë se 50% e faqeve online nuk kanë të dhëna të qarta për pronarët dhe veprojnë në mënyrë anonime, duke kontribuar në përhapjen e lajmeve të rreme dhe manipulimit të opinionit publik.
“Rritja e medias online ka sjellë një përhapje të dezinformimit, ndërsa mungesa e rregullimit ka bërë që shumë platforma të operojnë pa transparencë dhe standarde etike”, përcjell raporti.
Një shqetësim në rritje që është evidentuar nga raporit janë dhe sulmet kibernetike ndaj medias.
“Në vitin 2024, sulmet kibernetike nxorën në pah sfida të mëdha për mediat e pavarura (rasti i Citizens), duke theksuar domosdoshmërinë që agjencitë e zbatimit të ligjit të pajisen me burime të mjaftueshme për të adresuar numrin në rritje të këtyre incidenteve që kanë si objektiv gazetarët si dhe qytetarët në përgjithësi”, thuhet në raport.
Raporti nënvizon se figurat politike urdhërojnë kryesisht sulme kundër mediave kritike, investigative ose gazetarëve të pavarur, duke përmendur rastin e Ola Xamës.
The actual number of incidents likely exceeds the number of documented cases, highlighting the importance of empowering journalists regarding their rights and protection.
The report notes that women in their sixties in Albania continue to report cases of sexual harassment, online violence and smear campaigns as the most common forms of gender-based pressures they face.
"These pressures are often not reported," the report says, and adds that many female journalists feel that their complaints will not be taken seriously or that journalists will face retaliation if they report.
"Furthermore, there are growing concerns about gender-based disinformation and online violence against women journalists," the report continues.
The SciDev report suggests that to improve the media situation in Albania, measures should be taken to guarantee editorial independence and to protect journalists from political and economic pressure.
An increase in transparency in media ownership and easier access to public information is also recommended./ Citizens.al
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