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Once around 50,000, today close to 4,000 peacekeepers of the mission of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), KFOR, continue their mission in Kosovo.
The KFOR troops, who are from 27 countries of the world, are mandated to provide a safe environment and freedom of movement for all communities in Kosovo.
Their mandate stems from United Nations Security Council resolution 1244, adopted on June 10, 1999, one day after the signing of the Kumanovo Technical Agreement.
This agreement provided for the withdrawal of all Serbian forces from Kosovo and the entry of international peacekeeping troops. It was signed between KFOR and the authorities of the former Yugoslavia, ending NATO bombing of Serbian targets.
The number of KFOR soldiers in Kosovo has decreased over the years, after the improvement of the situation in the north. But, after the increase in tensions in the north of Kosovo at the end of May, the head of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, has announced the increase in the number of troops, adding that their number can increase even more, to calm the violence in the north.
What does resolution 1244 say about KFOR's mission?
In UN Security Council resolution 1244, it is stated that the international security presence, which will have significant participation of NATO forces, "should be placed under a unique command and control and authorized to establish a safe environment for all people in Kosovo as well as to facilitate the safe return of all refugees and displaced persons to their homes".
The resolution also states that international troops have the mandate to ensure "the withdrawal [of Yugoslav troops] and the prevention of the return of the Yugoslav army to Kosovo, the police and paramilitary forces".
It also states that the peacekeepers must "demilitarize the Kosovo Liberation Army and other armed groups of Kosovo Albanians".
Goals of KFOR's first mandate
Të dekurajojë urrejtjen dhe kërcënimet e forcave jugosllave dhe serbe ndaj Kosovës
Të sigurojë një mjedis të sigurt, rregull dhe siguri publike
Të çmilitarizojë Ushtrinë Çlirimtare të Kosovës
Të ndihmojë në përpjekjet humanitare ndërkombëtare si dhe të bashkëpunojë me pranin civile ndërkombëtare
Detyrat fillestare të KFOR-it
Fillimisht, KFOR-i kishte detyra – disa prej të cilave vazhdon t’i ketë – që përfshinin: ndihmën në kthimin dhe vendosjen e refugjatëve dhe personave të zhvendosur; çmimin dhe rindërtimin; ndihmën mjekësore; sigurinë dhe rendin publik; mbrojtjen e objekteve të trashëgimisë; sigurinë kufitare; ndalimin e trafikimit ndërkufitar të armëve; zbatimin e programit të gjerë të Kosovës për amnistinë për armët, municionin dhe eksplozivët; rendin dhe ligjin; sistemin gjyqësor dhe penal; proceset zgjedhore dhe aspektet e tjera politike; jetën ekonomike dhe sociale në Kosovë.
“Vëmendje e posaçme vazhdon t’i kushtohet mbrojtjes së minoriteteve. Këtu përfshihen patrullimet e rregullta afër enklavave të minoriteteve, pikat e kontrollit, përcjellja që u ofrohet grupeve të minoriteteve, mbrojtja e objekteve të trashëgimisë, sikurse manastiret, si dhe donacionet, që përfshijnë ushqim, veshmbathje dhe pajisje shkollore”, thuhet në ueb-faqen e KFOR-it.
Detyrat shtesë
Përveç detyrave fillestare, më 2008, NATO u pajtua që misioni i saj në Kosovë të kishte disa detyra shtesë, në koordinim me institucionet e rëndësishme në Kosovë.
Ndër detyrat e reja që iu dhanë misionit ishte edhe të asistonte në krijimin e Forcës së Sigurisë së Kosovës dhe trajnimin e pjesëtarëve të kësaj force.
“FSK është një forcë vullnetare e armatosur lehtë. Përgjegjësia e parë e saj për detyrat e sigurisë, që nuk janë të përshtatshme për policinë, sikurse përgjigja ndaj emergjencave, shpërthimi i kontrolluar i eksplozivëve, menaxhimi i materialeve të rrezikshme, fikja e zjarrit dhe mbrojtja civile”, thuhet në përshkrimin që i bën KFOR-i FSK-së.
Ibishi: Detyra e KFOR-it, mbrojtja nga agresioni i mundshëm
Njohësi i fushës së sigurisë në Kosovë, njëherësh ish-deputet i Kuvendit të Kosovës, Nuredin Ibishi, tha Policia e Kosovës mban përgjegjësinë për ruajtjen e rendit dhe sigurisë publike në territorin e Kosovës.
Por, në rastet kur vlerësohet se rrezikohet ambienti i sigurisë, sipas Rezolutës 1244 dhe Kushtetutës se Republikës së Kosovës, këtë mandat e ka KFOR-i.
“Por, për çështjet e mbrojtjes nga një agresion i mundshëm, e ka rolin KFOR-i. Forca e Sigurisë së Kosovës, si forcë e armatosur, është në fazën e tranzicionit, gjegjësisht të formësimit të saj dhe nuk e ka këtë mandat. Pra, KFOR-i ka një mandat superior krahasuar me institucionet vendore tjera të sigurisë”, tha ai.
KFOR-i është reaguesi i tretë për çështjet e sigurisë, pasi në rend të parë është Policia e Kosovës, pasur nga misioni i Bashkimit Evropian në Kosovë për Sundim të Ligjit (EULEX).
Përveç këtyre detyrave, KFOR-i zhvillon edhe iniciativa për ngritjen e kapaciteteve me organizatat e sigurisë në Kosovë, siç është transferimi gradual i sigurisë për objektet e trashëgimisë fetare dhe kulturore te Policia e Kosovës.
The Constitution of Kosovo states that regardless of other provisions of the highest legal act of the state, the international military presence has the mandate and powers defined by the relevant international instruments, "including resolution 1244 of the United Nations Security Council and the comprehensive proposal for the resolution of status of Kosovo, of March 26, 2007"./ REL
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