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Elections in Kosovo/DW Analysis: Concerns, Serbia and internal problems!
Kosovo elects a new parliament on Sunday. Although the conflict with Serbia dominates the news in Kosovo and abroad, young voters want politicians to focus on other issues.
Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, is awash with election posters. From lampposts, billboards and walls, politicians’ faces smile at passersby, while catchy party slogans aim to garner support on election day. Kosovo heads to the polls on Sunday (09.02.). These will be the first regular parliamentary elections since declaring independence from Serbia in February 2008.
From 2008 to 2021, only snap elections have been held. Candidates compete for 120 seats in parliament. Twenty of these seats are reserved for members of national minorities, half of which belong to Kosovo Serbs. Until the 2021 elections, the country was governed by coalitions consisting of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) and the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), which were led by figures from the independence movement of the 1990s.
But the 2021 parliamentary elections were won by the social-democratic Vetëvendosje movement, led by Albin Kurti, a former student leader and political prisoner under Serbian dictator Slobodan Milosevic. Kurti is running for a second term on Sunday.
Clash with Serbia
Over the past four years, Kurti has radically changed the direction of Kosovo's foreign policy. While previous Kosovo governments had acted in close coordination with international allies, especially the United States, the current government has acted largely independently since 2021.
The main priority of Prime Minister Albin Kurti appears to be the implementation of Kosovo's full sovereignty in relation to Serbia and to free the country from the influence of international protective powers, whose policies the Vetëvendosje Movement considers "colonialist".
Since 2011, the European Union has been trying to achieve normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo. Before Kurti took office in 2021, dialogue between the governments was almost frozen. Since then, it has been practically non-existent. This is because Serbia has no intention of recognizing Kosovo's sovereignty, while Kosovo refuses to make permanent concessions that would give Serbia the opportunity to interfere in its internal politics.
Tension, dhunë dhe presion
Një nga pengesat kryesore në këtë aspekt është krijimi i Asociacionit të Komunave me Shumicë Serbe në Kosovë, një strukturë e qeverisjes lokale që kërkon një shkallë të caktuar autonomie kolektive. Në këmbim nga Serbia pritet të braktisë politikën e saj bllokuese dhe t’i lejojë Kosovës anëtarësimin në organizata globale si Kombet e Bashkuara.
Edhe pse nuk është bërë asnjë përparim në këtë çështje vitet e fundit, Kurti filloi shpejt zbatimin e politikës së sovranitetit pas ardhjes në pushtet. Kjo përfshinte vendosjen e euros si e vetmja valutë zyrtare në vend, përfshirë zonat me shumicë serbe që deri atëherë kishin përdorur dinarin serb për transaksione.
Serbia u kundërpërgjigj duke rritur praninë ushtarake në kufi. Forcat paramilitare serbe në veri të Kosovës kryen disa akte dhune, gjë që kërkoi ndërhyrjen e trupave paqeruajtëse të udhëhequra nga NATO, KFOR. Konflikti me Serbinë vazhdon të përshkallëzohet. Presidenti Aleksandar Vuçiç po përdor një ton gjithnjë e më agresiv ndaj Prishtinës. Kurse Qeveria e Kosovës po përballet me presion të madh nga BE dhe SHBA, të cilat nuk duan që ajo të refuzojë arritjen e “marrëveshjeve” me Serbinë.
Vota e të rinjve
Para zgjedhjeve çështjet rajonale dhe gjeopolitike dominojnë titujt e mediave kombëtare dhe ndërkombëtare për Kosovën. Megjithatë, për votuesit e rinj, këto zhvillime nuk janë e vetmja çështje e rëndësishme në zgjedhje. Gjendja socio-ekonomike brenda vendit është po aq e rëndësishme.
Kosova ka popullsinë më të re në Evropë. Papunësia në mesin e të rinjve nën 24 vjeç është rreth 33%. Korrupsioni mbetet një problem i madh, edhe katër vjet pasi Kurti dhe Vetëvendosje fituan zgjedhjet me një program të qartë kundër korrupsionit. Besarta Jashari, një gazetare 21-vjeçare që punon për radion dhe televizionin privat RTV 21, i tha DW se ajo dëshiron më shumë se çdo gjë tjetër të shohë ndryshime shoqërore. “Këtu, mungesa e vendeve të punës dhe pagat e ulëta bëjnë që njerëzit të detyrohen të emigrojnë,” tha Jashari. “Sistemi i kujdesit shëndetësor duhet gjithashtu të përmirësohet, sepse shumë njerëz janë të detyruar të udhëtojnë jashtë vendit për trajtim. Dhe, më në fund, do të doja të shihja më shumë mundësi për vajzat dhe gratë e reja.”
“Politika gjithmonë dominohet nga të njëjtët personazhe të vjetër,” shtoi ajo. “Nuk ka pothuajse fare hapësirë për zërat e rinj me perspektiva të freskëta dhe ide progresive. Edhe në këto zgjedhje parlamentare, asnjë parti nuk i ka besuar një gruaje kandidaturën për postin e kryeministrit.”
Eksodi nga Kosova
Politologu Nexhmedin Spahiu thekson, se “të rinjtë në Kosovë nuk kanë durim të presin për zhvillimin e vendit: ata duan vende pune të sigurta dhe një shoqëri ku merita të ketë rëndësi, jo anëtarësimi në parti apo afërsia me pushtetin.”
If the next government does not listen to the concerns of young people, the exodus from the country is likely to continue, creating an even bigger problem for Kosovo than the conflict with Serbia and international actors. Lea Hoxhaj, an 18-year-old management and applied economics student from Pristina who will vote for the first time on Sunday, said that Kosovo’s next government “must create new jobs, support young people and ensure that the education system is improved – both in terms of qualified teachers and teaching materials.”/DW
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