
The fact that in the population census in Montenegro in December 2023, the number of those who declared themselves as Serbs, increased by 4 percent compared to the previous census in 2011, is not a surprise for the Montenegrin methodologist, Milosh Bešić .
He recalls that in that census there were about 5% of residents who refused to declare their nationality. It is in that category that he says that the Serbs were "hiding" since they were declared as such in the last census.
“Now that they are 'back', this change happens. Therefore, the number of Serbs in Montenegro is stable, it is slightly less than one third (32.9 percent). That's how it was 20 years ago, that's how it is today," says Bešič for Radio Free Europe.
In the 2003 census in Montenegro, the number of Serbs was 32 percent.
In the last census - the results of which were announced by the Directorate of Statistics in Montenegro, MONSTAT, on October 15 - 41.1% of citizens declared themselves as Montenegrins, while 32.9% as Serbs.
In addition to the increase in the number of Serbs, compared to the previous census, there was a decrease of about 4% of those who identify themselves as Montenegrins.
Registration in Montenegro is more of a political issue than a statistical one, especially in the part related to nationality and language.
Since the independence referendum in 2006, Montenegrin society has been deeply divided between those who wanted to remain with Serbia and supporters of an independent Montenegro.
This was the first population census after the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) of Milo Djukanovic fell from power in 2020.
She ruled this country for 30 years.
Power was then taken by the predominantly pro-Serb party, led by the pro-Russian Democratic Front.
Why did the Serbs wait longer?
Bešić says that Serb representatives expected that, due to the change in political circumstances, the census would show that there are many more Serbs.
"They believe that the policies of Milo Djukanovic, DPS and independent Montenegro have temporarily oriented a certain number of people to declare themselves as Montenegrins and not as Serbs," Besic says.
But this recording showed, in fact, that this is not the case, according to him.
"He showed that the national identity in Montenegro was shaped by historical and political circumstances and now it is difficult to change", says Bešič.
The registration was preceded by a campaign by pro-Serbian and pro-Russian forces and media, which called on citizens to declare themselves as Serbs.
The Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Porfirije, also joined the campaign, who called on citizens to identify themselves as members of the Serbian people and believers of the Serbian Orthodox Church, who speak the Serbian language.
Gjithashtu, presidenti i Serbisë, Aleksandar Vuçiç, foli disa herë për rëndësinë e regjistrimit në përcaktimin e numrit të serbëve në Mal të Zi.
I pyetur nëse rezultati i regjistrimit korrespondon me pritjet e Serbisë dhe të Kishës Ortodokse Serbe, Beshiç thotë se nuk e di “nëse ata e prisnin këtë, por se sigurisht do të donin që të kishte më shumë”.
“Ata që deklarohen si serbë, duan të kenë sa më shumë serbë, që është shumë logjike”, sipas tij.
Gjuha – rritje e lehtë e serbishtes dhe rënie e gjuhës malazeze
Edhe pse gjuha malazeze u fut si gjuhë zyrtare në Kushtetutën e Malit të Zi, pas rivendosjes së pavarësisë së tij në vitin 2006, numri më i madh i qytetarëve u deklaruan se ishin serbishtfolës.
Në regjistrimin e fundit, 43.2% e qytetarëve thanë se serbishtja është gjuha e tyre amtare, që nënkupton një rritje të lehtë prej 0.3%, në krahasim me vitin 2011. Në anën tjetër, rënie ka të numrit të atyre që e konsiderojnë gjuhën malazeze si gjuhë amtare – nga 37 në 34.5 për qind.
Beshiç thotë se numri i atyre që flasin serbisht, është më i lartë se i atyre që deklarohen si serbë. Dhe kjo me 10 për qind, sipas tij.
Ai thotë se një pjesë e popullsisë së korpusit ortodoks, që thotë se është e kombit malazez, ndihet e afërt me korpusin serb.
“Në interpretimin e tyre, ata i shohin rrënjët e tyre etnike serbe dhe deklarohen si malazezë. Me fjalë të tjera, kur thonë ‘unë jam malazez’, nuk do të thotë domosdoshmërisht se jam joserb. Nëse e shikoni historinë e Malit të Zi, është shumë e kuptueshme”, thotë Beshiç.
Serbia dhe Mali i Zi ishin pjesë e një shteti të përbashkët nga viti 1918 deri në vitin 2006.
Përqindje e qëndrueshme e shqiptarëve, rritje e boshnjakëve
Regjistrimi i fundit tregoi se përqindja e popullsisë shqiptare në Mal të Zi mbetet e njëjtë në krahasim me regjistrimin e mëparshëm – gati 5%.
Nga ana tjetër, numri i myslimanëve u përgjysmua – nga 3.3% në 1.6%, ndërsa përqindja e boshnjakëve u rrit nga 8.6 në 9.4%.
Në regjistrimet e popullsisë në Mal të Zi, një pjesë e popullsisë u deklarua edhe si myslimane, edhe pse bëhet fjalë për çështje fetare.
Beshiç thekson se me “vite e dekada” punohet për të siguruar që të gjithë myslimanët në Mal të Zi, të deklarohen si boshnjakë.
Ai thotë se komuniteti intelektual, politik dhe fetar boshnjak është shumë i angazhuar në këtë çështje, por se, në anën tjetër, ata që deklarohen si myslimanë, nuk e kanë atë lloj mbështetjeje.
“Pra, keni një proces aktiv politik-kombëtar, dikush do ta quante ndërgjegjësim, e dikush manipulim”, thotë Beshiç.
Kjo u reflektua edhe te gjuha. Në regjistrimin e vitit 2011, 5.3% e qytetarëve thanë se flasin gjuhën boshnjake, e në regjistrimin e fundit ishin 7%.
“Kjo ju tregon se të gjitha ato presione kishin efekt”, thotë Beshiç.
Rusët dhe ukrainasit në Mal të Zi
Risia e regjistrimit të fundit është rritja e numrit të rusëve në Mal të Zi.
In the census 13 years ago they were 0.15%, while now they are 2.1% – a figure that makes Russians the fifth largest national community in Montenegro.
Also, in the last census, half a percent of the residents declared themselves as Ukrainians, while in 2011 there were none.
After the full-scale occupation of Ukraine by Russia, which began in February 2022, a large number of Russian and Ukrainian citizens moved to Montenegro.
MONSTAT said that the population census showed that over 46,800 foreign citizens live in Montenegro - among them 3,000 from Kosovo./REL
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