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Marcel Lela
There is an illusion that societies cultivate to protect their conscience: that historical tragedies are the work of a single man. As if a nation could be destroyed by the will of one individual, while millions of others remained mere innocent spectators.
But history proves the opposite.
No dictator has become a dictator without people around him who applaud him, who admire and approve of his vision. No tyrant has ruled by force of arms and force alone. Arms create fear, but they are not enough to build a regime that lasts for decades. This requires bureaucrats who sign, intellectuals who justify, journalists who propagate, judges who silence, businessmen who profit, citizens who close their eyes and idealists who blindly believe that they are building a better world.
The political monster is not born alone, its pedestal is not raised alone. It is nurtured.
In Albania, we tend to summarize the entire dark period of the communist dictatorship in a single name: that of Enver Hoxha. Of course, he bears the main responsibility as the head of this political organism. He designed the system, ordered the terror and built the mechanism of repression. But it would be a false consolation to believe that everything was the work of a single man. Who filled the prisons? Who compiled the files? Who spied on the neighbor, the colleague, the cousin? Who remained silent when others were interned? Who accepted the privileges that the system offered in exchange for conscience?
A dictatorship is not just a leader, but an entire culture of collaboration with evil.
Equally dangerous is our current tendency to personify every problem with a political figure.
For some, today the whole problem is called Edi Rama. Tomorrow it will have a different name. But the question remains the same: who keeps him in power? Who votes for him? Who justifies every mistake because "the others are the same"? Who keeps quiet because they are afraid of losing a job, a favor, a contract, a small comfort?
Portreti politik që Edi Rama ka ndërtuar gjatë këtyre viteve nuk mbështetet vetëm mbi pushtetin formal të institucioneve, por mbi një kulturë të tërë pritjeje, nënshtrimi dhe normalizimi. Forca më e madhe e këtij modeli nuk është frika që ai imponon, por lodhja që prodhon tek qytetarët. Shoqëria shqiptare është mësuar me idenë se asgjë nuk ndryshon, se rezistenca është e kotë dhe se kompromisi është mënyra më e mençur për të mbijetuar. Se votat gjithësesi do të blihen, se një dorë e padukshme i lëviz gjërat, që qytetari nuk ka asgjë në dorë për të ndryshuar realitetin. Pikërisht në këtë pikë pushteti bëhet më i rrezikshëm: kur i bind njerëzit se nuk ia vlen më të kundërshtojnë. Dhe Edi Rama ka bërë pikërisht këtë. Për katër mandate ka kryer hapur shkeljet më flagrante që një kryeministër mund të kryejë ndonjëherë, duke krijuar tek shoqëria idenë se është e kotë t’i kundërvihesh.
Në këtë kuptim, Edi Rama është më shumë se një individ; ai është simptoma më e dukshme e një shoqërie që ka toleruar për vite me radhë përqendrimin e pushtetit, personalizimin e institucioneve dhe zëvendësimin e llogaridhënies me kultin e liderit. Sa më shumë që publiku pranon idenë se shteti identifikohet me një njeri të vetëm, aq më shumë dobësohen institucionet dhe aq më pak rëndësi ka se kush do të vijë pas tij. Sepse modeli mbetet i paprekur edhe kur ndryshon emri në derën e kryeministrisë.
Demokracitë nuk rrënohen vetëm nga ambicia e liderëve. Ato rrënohen edhe nga indiferenca e qytetarëve.
Historia na mëson se shoqëritë rrallë humbin lirinë menjëherë. Ajo humbet pak nga pak, sa herë që e vërteta sakrifikohet për interesin personal, sa herë që dinjiteti shitet për një privilegj të vogël, sa herë që bindja zëvendësohet nga konformizmi. Njerëzit nuk bëhen bashkëpunëtorë të së keqes domosdoshmërisht nga ligësia; shpesh bëhen nga oportunizmi. Dhe oportunizmi është një nga forcat më shkatërrimtare në histori.
Ekziston edhe një kategori tjetër: idealistët e verbër. Ata nuk përfitojnë domosdoshmërisht nga regjimi; ata besojnë tek ai. Ata janë të bindur se qëllimi i madh justifikon çdo mjet. Pikërisht kjo i bën të rrezikshëm. Ata falin padrejtësinë në emër të një utopie. Heshtin përballë dhunës sepse mendojnë se është e përkohshme. Mbrojnë liderin edhe kur faktet e rrëzojnë, sepse kanë investuar identitetin e tyre tek ai. Fanatizmi politik, njësoj si fanatizmi fetar, e bën njeriun të paaftë të dallojë të mirën nga e keqja.
Edmund Burke shkroi se "e vetmja gjë e nevojshme që e keqja të triumfojë është që njerëzit e mirë të mos bëjnë asgjë". Edhe nëse kjo fjali nuk mund të dokumentohet me siguri si e tij, e vërteta që përmban mbetet e fuqishme. Tirania nuk fiton vetëm nga forca e tiranit; ajo fiton nga dobësia morale e shoqërisë.
Prandaj pyetja më e rëndësishme nuk është vetëm: "Kush është diktatori?" Pyetja është: "Çfarë lloj shoqërie e bëri të mundur ngeritjen e tij?"
Because when a nation puts all the blame on one man, it risks learning nothing from history. It only expects the leader's name to change, while maintaining the same habits: servility, silence, worship of power, selling conscience for petty interests.
And then history doesn't repeat itself because a new dictator is born. It repeats itself because the same society remains ready to produce it.
Hannah Arendt observed that evil often does not come with the face of a monster. It comes with the face of the ordinary man who has stopped thinking. The man who no longer asks whether something is right, but only whether it is convenient, safe, or acceptable. Societies do not become dangerous only when they are filled with evil people; they become dangerous when they are filled with people who have abdicated the moral responsibility to judge.
Solzhenitsyn wrote that the line separating good from evil does not pass between classes, nations, or political parties; it passes through the heart of every person. This is why no society is forever immune to tyranny. Each generation must first gain freedom within itself, by rejecting lies, no matter how useful or comfortable they may be. A people that learns to live with lies will sooner or later also learn to live without freedom.
Authoritarian regimes do not need the majority of people to be fanatics. They only need the majority to be tired, cynical, or disinterested. When the citizen convinces himself that "it's not worth talking about," that "nothing changes," or that "let someone else do it," he has unwittingly become the most valuable ally of any power that knows no boundaries.
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