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"The Albanian Files": How did Albania turn into a money laundering laboratory?

By Vincent Yusui van Gerven Oei, The Albanian Mechanism
In 1860, the Belgian government organized an international architectural competition for a new courthouse in Brussels. The winning architect, Joseph Poelaert, had also been part of the jury. An expropriation process was then launched that destroyed an entire working-class neighborhood in the city center for a megalomaniacal construction project, larger than St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. There were massive protests, but the building was built anyway. In 1984, the building was surrounded by rented scaffolding for a restoration process that never really got underway. In the meantime, the giant building stands mostly empty.
All of this sounds awfully familiar to anyone living in 21st-century Tirana. The only difference is that to this day, one of the most common insults in the neighborhood around the Palace of Justice in Brussels is “schieven arkitekt” – “crooked architect.” I wouldn’t be surprised if in the future “crooked architect” becomes a common insult in Albania as well.
After Prime Minister Edi Rama leaves power (and here it is not a question of “if”, but “when”), a great deal of work will be needed to bring to justice those who have exploited Albania, its land and its youth. But even the international architects who for more than 20 years have served as a “prestige facade” for what today appears to be corruption and criminal money laundering must be held accountable.
So-called “archistars” like Winy Maas, Bjarke Ingels and Stefano Boeri should be called to a parliamentary committee – or by SPAK – to explain how one of Europe’s poorest countries builds “visionary” towers. Where did the money come from? Did they do due diligence or simply accept the leader’s payments and praise?
Unfortunately, international architects are often self-centered and often expose their own involvement in this system. For example, the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), which claims professional integrity, awarded Edi Rama an honorary degree in 2026, while major scandals were erupting in Albania.
In presenting this honor, the RIBA mentions several projects that are currently under investigation, including Samir Manes' Green Coast and the "Garden of Eden" project, a space for the Prime Minister's Office that is not open to the public, although it was built with public funds.
Furthermore, every international architect has left their mark in a publication called “The Albanian Files”, published by Lars Müller Publishers. Significantly, no Albanian architect appears in this book.
In the introduction to the book, Edi Rama writes:
“Në Shqipëri, fjala ‘dosje’ ka një kujtesë të gjatë dhe të dhimbshme. Dosjet ishin instrumente frike. […] Dosjet nuk ishin për të kuptuar, por për kontroll.”
Përveç faktit që qeveria socialiste e Ramës nuk i ka hapur plotësisht dosjet e komunizmit dhe ka penguar studimin historik të krimeve të diktaturës, autori argumenton se edhe këto “dosje arkitekturore” shërbejnë për të njëjtin qëllim: kontrollin e narrativës. Sipas tij, ato nuk mashtrojnë askënd.
Arkitektura në Shqipëri – ashtu si në Brukselin e shekullit XIX – është kthyer në një mjet për të dominuar dhe kontrolluar hapësirën publike: për të shkatërruar lagje, fshatra, plazhe dhe male. Ajo shërben për të ndërtuar imazhin e vendit dhe të liderit, ndërsa kullat e reja fshehin pyetjet thelbësore: nga vijnë paratë dhe kush do të jetojë në to.
Në fund të hyrjes, pas reflektimeve mbi “hapjen demokratike të hapësirave të reja”, “gjeometrinë e përkatësisë” dhe “bashkimin e qëllimeve”, Rama shkruan:
“Hapja e dosjeve mund t’ju tregojë shumë më tepër. Dhe kush e di, ndoshta do të tregojë një histori tjetër nga ajo që sapo kam shkruar.”
Në fakt, “The Albanian Files” paraqitet jo si histori arkitekturore, por si një listë rrjetesh nepotizmi, korrupsioni dhe pastrimi parash. Aktivistët dhe gazetarët kanë treguar gjithashtu se mungesa e konsultimeve publike dhe mungesa e transparencës kanë sjellë dëme serioze në mjedisin natyror të Shqipërisë, pasi shumë projekte strategjike janë miratuar pa informacion publik.
Libri nis me studion belge 51N4E, e cila ka projektuar edhe sheshin “Skënderbej”, shpesh të cilësuar si “inspirues” nga autorët. Por sipas kritikës, ky botim është më shumë një instrument propagande sesa dokumentim objektiv.
Për shembull, lista e projekteve fsheh disa detaje kyçe, si lidhjet me figura të rëndësishme të medias dhe politikës në Shqipëri, apo projektet e ndërtuara pa transparencë publike. Në shumë raste, nuk është e qartë se si janë financuar projektet apo si janë përzgjedhur kompanitë zbatuese.
Po ashtu, kompania Fusha shpk përmendet në disa projekte të mëdha në Tiranë, përfshirë edhe Skënderbeu Square dhe projekte të tjera që janë pjesë e diskutimeve publike dhe hetimeve të ndryshme.
Në shumë raste, arkitektët ndërkombëtarë kanë refuzuar të japin detaje për projektet ose investitorët privatë, ndërsa qeveria shqiptare është akuzuar për mungesë transparence në proceset e tenderimit dhe zhvillimit urban.
Shumë nga projektet e përshkruara paraqiten si bashkëpunime “të papritura” me kryeministrin shqiptar, shpesh përmes kontakteve personale apo ftesave direkte.
Kjo ngre pyetje mbi rolin e shtetit në ndërmjetësimin e projekteve private dhe mbi mënyrën se si zhvillohen kontratat e mëdha të ndërtimit në vend.
Arkitektët, në anën e tyre, shpesh e pranojnë hapur ndikimin e drejtpërdrejtë të kryeministrit në këto procese, duke e përshkruar si figurë qendrore në zhvillimin urban të Shqipërisë.
Finally, the author argues that any future government should examine in detail these projects and the role of all actors involved, as according to him they represent a vast system of influences, interests, and uncontrolled decision-making.
He concludes by saying that he has contacted all the architectural studios mentioned in the book to respond to the criticism, but none have agreed to respond.
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