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Kosovo leads the region in the percentage of young people in prison

More than one in three prisoners in Kosovo is under the age of 30.
Data, published at the end of April as part of the Youth Participation Index, show that Kosovo has the highest percentage of youth in correctional services in the entire region.
A year earlier, Kosovo was second, behind Albania.
For Ferid Murseli from the organization Democracy for Development (D4D) - which collected official data on Kosovo for this report - these figures do not only indicate the penal system.
"In our country, every day we say that 'this country has youth', 'youth is the future', but in fact this shows exactly where youth stands, whether in the political, social or economic dimension," he tells Radio Free Europe.
In addition to the high rate of youth in prison, Kosovo also ranks poorly in other indicators related to youth life.
Around 35 percent of young people in Kosovo are not in education, employment or training - the highest rate in the region.
Kosovo also has the lowest youth labor force participation rate.
"It's a very high number," says Murseli. "If you have high unemployment, then there is a greater chance that young people will be involved in negative factors."
He argues that institutions should invest more in educational reforms, career guidance, vocational schools, and community activities for young people.
"There should be more functional youth centers, sports, cultural and artistic activities, so that young people can be offered positive alternatives," says Murseli.
Sociologist Donika Gashi from the Musine Kokalari Institute also sees this statistic as a consequence of deeper social factors.
"This figure cannot be read simply as a matter of criminality, but as a symptom of economic insecurity, educational failure and social marginalization," she tells Radio Free Europe.
According to her, many young people come into conflict with the law because they fail to find stable jobs, psychological support, or community services.
"If a young person is not working, not in education and does not see a path to progress, the system meets him too late, when he has already come into conflict with the law," says Gashi.
Radio Free Europe asked the Ministry of Justice if it has any plans to address this phenomenon, but, as of the publication of this article, it has not received a response.
Similarly, the Kosovo Correctional Service has not granted REL permission to visit the Juvenile Correctional Center, located in Lipjan.
During a visit a few years ago, two young men spoke about their lives within the walls of this institution, in isolation.
Both were looking forward to their release and return to society, but psychologist Fjolla Ibrahimi had hinted that that return might not be very welcoming.
“Sfidat kryesore që hasin ish të burgosurit në riintegrim, janë mospërputhshmëria me personat e tjerë në rrethin ku ata do të jetojnë, gjetja e një pune permanente, e cila sjell të ardhura, shëndeti i tyre mendor pas daljes nga burgu, si dhe paragjykimi, i cili vjen nga të tjerët”, kishte thënë Ibrahimi për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
Efektet negative që sjell izolimi i të rinjve në një kohë të rëndësishme për zhvillimin e tyre, si në adoleshencë, bëjnë që organizata amerikane Juvenile Law Center të kërkojë zhdukjen e institucioneve të tilla për të mitur.
Kate Burdick, avokate në këtë organizatë, thotë për Radion Evropa e Lirë se izolimi, kontrolli i vazhdueshëm dhe shkëputja nga mbështetja familjare ndikojnë drejtpërdrejt në zhvillimin emocional të të rinjve.
“Po flasim për fëmijë dhe të rinj, truri i të cilëve ende është në zhvillim. Kjo është një periudhë kur ata kanë nevojë për mbështetje, jo për trauma shtesë”, thotë Burdick.
Sipas saj, edhe në institucionet ku nuk ka dhunë fizike, vetë ndarja nga familja dhe komuniteti është problematike.
“Ata trajtohen si numra dhe shkëputen nga njerëzit që përbëjnë identitetin dhe mbështetjen e tyre”, thotë Burdick. “Pyetjet që dëgjojmë më shpesh janë: ‘Si mund të flas më shumë me nënën time?’ ose ‘Si mund të mos e humbas ditëlindjen e motrës?’”.
Sipas saj, alternativa më efektive janë programet komunitare, mentorimi, terapia dhe drejtësia restauruese.
“Kërkimet tregojnë se alternativat ndaj burgimit janë më efektive në uljen e recidivizmit sesa izolimi i të rinjve në institucione”, thotë Burdick.
Kosova nuk mban statistika për shkallën e recidivizmit në vend.
Sipas Donika Gashit, në letër, Kosova ka politika parandaluese. Por, në realitet, thotë ajo, sistemi vazhdon të funksionojë ndryshe.
“Kjo do të thotë se institucionet aktivizohen pasi dëmi ka ndodhur: policia, prokuroria, gjykata dhe më pas sistemi korrektues”, thotë ajo.
Parandalimi i vërtetë, sipas Gashit, duhet të ndodhë shumë më herët: në shkolla, familje, qendra për punë sociale dhe shërbime të shëndetit mendor.
“Duhet të kalojmë nga logjika ‘ta dënojmë’ te logjika ‘ta ndërpresim ciklin’”, thotë Gashi.
Ajo argumenton se për veprat më pak të rënda, sidomos për kryesit për herë të parë, duhet të përdoren më shumë masa alternative, si puna në dobi të komunitetit, trajtimi i varësive dhe kthimi në arsim.
“Drejtësia nuk përfundon me shqiptimin e dënimit, por me sigurimin që personi të mos e përsërisë më të njëjtën vepër”, thotë ajo.
Gashi thotë se një nga problemet kryesore mbetet mungesa e mbështetjes pas lirimit. Sipas saj, rehabilitimi nuk duhet të kufizohet në trajnime brenda burgut.
“Duhet të ketë lidhje reale me tregun e punës, mentorim dhe mbështetje psikologjike”, sipas saj.
Ajo paralajmëron se, në të kundërtën, burgu rrezikon të forcojë “identitetin kriminal” të të rinjve.
Për ekspertët, investimi në arsim, punësim dhe shërbime komunitare shihet si mënyra më efektive për të ulur recidivizmin.
Burdick also argues that financial resources could be better used outside of closed institutions.
“It is much more effective and less costly to provide support to young people in the community than in prison,” she says.
For Murseli, the figures should serve as a wake-up call for institutions. He warns that without long-term policies and serious investments in youth, the problems could deepen.
"If we continue like this, we will have even bigger problems in the future," Murseli concludes./ REL
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